JOURNAL OF SOCIAL, HUMANITIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES (JOSHAS), Year 2020 Issue 24

THE USE OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT IN COMBAT-DEFENSE SYSTEM AND THE EFFECT OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT ON TURKISH ARMED FORCES

Yunus Emre TANSÜ,, Sait KATRANCI — 2024-08-29

In a changing and globalizing world geography, war, defense and security measures change every day in parallel with this variability. With the technological innovations in the field of informatics, the rapid change in artificial intelligence and robotic engineering in the last 8-10 years has transformed unmanned systems from imagination and put into today's battlefields. In this context, man-made warfare and defense technology is being replaced by unmanned combat equipment at the forefront of the measures taken in combat areas. Thanks to the developing technology, the production of unmanned vehicles that meet various needs used on land and air has increased. The most prominent of these vehicles are unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Human life; The fact that it has become a priority in developed world states has made the use of unmanned vehicles even more important. In this context, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles has increased both in the field of war-defense and intelligence and information gathering. Moreover, mankind's perceptions of warfare methods and battlefields for centuries are on the verge of a great transformation. This change takes place in different parts of the globalizing world. Our country, which is in the place near the top among the developing world countries, has not been indifferent to the unmanned systems in the field of defense industry together with the political-military decision-makers and the development has increased in recent years. The geography where Turkey is located is the most important factor among the factors that make unmanned aerial vehicles essential to the modernization and development in Turkey. However, the next breakthrough is to see this leadership as an opportunity to pioneer the geopolitical breakthrough. The development of unmanned aerial vehicles and the presence among producing countries in this region will make it possible to obtain a great advantage in the battlefields to Turkey. In addition to the use of UAVs in combat field; border control, smuggling, reconnaissance, tactical reconnaissance and surveillance, special operations and psychological operations, mine search and destruction, chemical biological and radiological screening activities are also used. The inclusion of unmanned aerial vehicles in the inventory of the Turkish Armed Forces and integrating them with other defense systems will provide superiority in the field.

PANEL DATA ANALYSIS ON DETERMINANTS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Zeynep ERDİNÇ,, Gökçen AYDINBAŞ — 2024-08-29

From the past to the present day energy, maintains its importance both politically and economically, especially for developing and developed countries. The rapid increase in the population and consequently the depletion of existing energy sources have led these countries to turn to alternative energy sources. The consumption of an energy source and incessantly renewing itself has brought forward the concept of renewable energy. At this point, renewable energy sources have become an important factor in the economic literature. The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of renewable energy consumption using panel data analysis method with annual data of 16 selected countries for the period 2000-2018. Data from the World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators and BP Statistical World Energy Review official sites were used in the study. In this study, renewable energy consumption as dependent variable; GDP, general government final consumption expenditures, CO2 emissions, the rule of law index, foreign direct investments and labor force (quantity) were included in the analysis by specifying. In the study, fixed effects and random effects models and GMM model were analyzed to investigate by comparing the determinant factors of renewable energy consumption. The effects of these variables on renewable energy consumption were interpreted depending on the estimated results obtained in the analysis.

FUNCTİON IN CONTEMPORARY CERAMİC ART

Yeşim ZÜMRÜT,, Samet AYGÜN — 2024-08-29

From the Neolithic period to the beginning of the 20th century, the first examples of ceramics produced for the basic needs were mostly in the forefront with their practical functions. However, the production systems that changed with the Industrial Revolution and the fact that the ceramics produced were free of aesthetic concerns led to the emergence of many movements one after the other, especially the Arts and Crafts (England) movement. In the Bauhaus movement, which is one of these, the questioning of practical, aesthetic and symbolic function has also supported the production of functional forms designed with aesthetic concerns. Ceramics; In the hands of an artist of different disciplines such as Duchamp, without any functional concern, it was freely designed by the rules of creative power, interpreted as a ready-made art object, and later led many ceramic artists. . In this period in which thought was the successor of the primary function, ceramics with a personal, social, and political discourse were produced rather than practical and symbolic function, and some contemporary ceramic artists such as Paul Scott became the pioneers of this approach.

ANALYSIS OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS (REE) IN THE LITERATURE BY USING N-GRAM METHOD AND COMPARISON WITH SOCIAL / POLITICAL / ECONOMIC EVENTS

M. Nuri URAL,; Alaaddin VURAL , Ali ÇİFTÇİ — 2024-08-29

N-gram analysis method is widely used in different fields. In this study, time-dependent changes in the usage rate of rare earth elements (REE), which is an important raw material of technological studies / inventions, with n-gram analysis method are discussed. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between political / social / economic events that affect / are affected by this change by n-gram analysis. In this study, firstly, the concept of REE was analyzed and then each element in the REE group was analyzed separately. The element Yttrium (Y) was also included in the n-gram analysis because it was evaluated together with REE due to the similarity of use and behavior. The results of the analysis were evaluated together and the analysis data and the parallelism of political / social / economic events were examined. The parallel political / social / economic events were examined in detail and the relationship between the results and the analysis was investigated. When the n-gram analysis for REE was examined, it was found that they did not appear in the literature until the 1900s. The use of REEs in the literature has increased in parallel with the discovery of the elements and their use in technology. While the use of REE in the literature increased with a slow tendency until the 1920s, a significant increase was observed after the 1920s, although the economic stagnations showed partial decreases, the tendency to increase did not change at all. After a significant increase with the development of information technologies in the 1960s, it showed some decline, the invention of high-tech products, the use of alternative raw materials continued to increase, the use of alternative raw materials, and China as a result of the use of this power in manipulations. After the 2000s, a downward trend was observed.

STUDENTS' VIEWS ON TECHNOLOGY DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS IN SCIENCE COURSE

Rabiye DURMUŞ,; Battal Gazi KURTARAN , Eser ÜLTAY — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of students studying in the fourth grade of primary school in the science class about technology design and applications. In addition, given the lack of studies on technology design and applications in the literature, it is hoped that this research may be a source for future science studies. In this study, in which the special case method was used, the data were collected using the scanning form technique, which includes seven open-ended questions prepared by the researchers. Themes were created according to the data obtained after the application and the frequencies of the themes were determined and presented in tables. As a result of the obtained data, it has been determined that students use computers and projection devices mostly in technology design and applications. In addition, it is concluded that they want to design products that can be used and benefit in daily life. However, the lack of a laboratory in their schools may cause students who are willing to experiment to develop negative attitudes towards the science course. For this reason, suggestions were made to create laboratory rooms and provide students with practical training by providing the necessary materials.

SOCIOLOGY AS A HISTORICAL, POLITICAL AND SCIENTIFIC WITNESS: THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE CASE

Orhan BİNGÖL, — 2024-08-29

Sociology has been long associated with history and politics. Sociology as a cultural science both witnesses the developments of history and politics and interacts with them. While the relation between sociology with politics is an important historical reality, the situation remains scientifically controversial. One of the clear examples of this is encountered in the Ottoman Empire. There are close links between the late history and politics of the Ottoman Empire and the development, institutionalization and functions of sociology.

THE EFFECT OF EMPLOYEES' PERCEPTIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL DEMOCRACY ON ORGANIZATİONAL DISSENT BEHAVIOUR: A FIELD RESEARCH

Mehmet YILDIRIM,, Mehmet DENİZ — 2024-08-29

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of employees' perceptions of organizational democracy on organizational dissent behaviors. Quantitative research method was used to analyze the research problem. Questionnaire technique was used to collect data for the research. The questionnaire used consists of three scales, and also an another questionnaire for determining the demographic structure of the sample was used. The surveys that reached to 252 samples were conducted between April 2019 and June 2019. Organizational democracy scale consisting of participation-criticism, transparency, justice, equality and accountability and developed by Geçkil and Tikici was used in order to measure the perception of the participants regarding organizational democracy. For the measurement of the organizational dissent phenomenon, the organizational dissent scale that developed by Kassing consists of three dimensions, namely upward, latent and dispaced dissent, was used. The results obtained from the validity and reliability analysis of all three scales are within acceptable limits. In the first part of the research, the concepts of democracy and organizational democracy are emphasized, in the second part, the concept of organizational dissent is discussed, in the thirth part, the results of the research carried out in a regional directorate of a national company are included. According to the results of the research, the highest average among the sub-dimensions of organizational democracy is transparency, and the lowest average is justice; however, all dimensions were found to have moderate averages. From this, it is understood that the elements that constitute democracy show a medium level of existence in the organization. The most preferred dissent strategy of the participants is upward dissent and the least preferred strategy is displaced dissent; however, it is obtained that the employees display a moderate dissent behavior. Path analysis between variables reveals that organizational democracy does not affect organizational dissent. According to the results of the structural equation model formed between the sub-dimensions, it was observed that the participation-criticism dimension negatively affected the upward and latent dissent dimensions. It was observed that the transparency sub-dimension negatively affects the upward and latent dissent dimensions, the sub-dimension of justice negatively affects upward and latent dissent and accountability positively affects upward dissent.

NEW MEDIA LITERACY

Mevlüt ALTINTOP,; Gökhan BAK , Alparslan BAK — 2024-08-29

The impact of the media on society it is an indisputable fact. This effect provides staged through messages. News media should not be considered as providing informational messages only. The media conveys messages to the general public and interest groups through political and ideological power. Posts this to read correctly, understand, and to analyze and interpret the concept of media literacy was created. Historically media literacy is a new phenomenon. Traditional media aims at analyzing the content of the messages that conveys to society. Technological developments have now led to the replacement of traditional media with new media. Therefore, the messages submitted to the community through the new media should be analyzed. This is a very important phenomenon because the development and impact of digital media in a short period of time has reached an even higher level than traditional media. This study was carried out in order to determine the academic equivalent of new media literacy and contribute to the formation of social awareness beyond traditional media literacy.

I HAVE A REQUEST, MY SULTAN: A PLEADING SUBMITTED BY ADJUTANT MAJOR MEHMED TEVFIK TO SULTAN ABDULHAMID II

İsmet SARIBAL, — 2024-08-29

Sultan Abdulhamid II, in the first years of his rule, asked the statesmen to write reform pleadings to get the country out of the difficult situation it was in, and within this framework, by writing pleadings within their knowledge and manners hundreds of statesmen submitted them to the Sultan. One of those who wrote this pleading to Abdulhamid II was Mehmed Tevfik Pasha from Fatih who is a late Ottoman historian and military educator. Pasha tried to explain the problems in the state administration and the army he had encountered in Anatolia approximately two and a half years period and the solution recommendations concerning those in the pleading he had put down on paper when he was an adjutant major. The most important issue that Pasha emphasized was the Armenian issue. He was of the opinion that if no measures were taken, this issue would lead to more trouble for the state in the future. Pasha touched on the drawbacks of the history education given to the youth, especially in the Armenian and Greek schools, and when he had returned to Istanbul upon to deficiency he had seen, he wrote an Ottoman history that all Ottoman youth could read and understand to create a national history awareness. This book was taught as a textbook in military high schools for many years. Pasha's zeal was noticed by the Sultan, and after a short period of duty abroad, Pasha came under the command of Maiyyet-i Seniyye, that is, the direct command of Sultan. The Armenian issue's turning into a large-scale rebellion in 1895 changed the direction of Pasha's career. When he was in Paris, he wrote the first epistle called “Homeland is in Danger” of the Committee of Union and Progress which made its name heard after this rebellion. Although he had hidden his name while writing the epistle, he went abroad, worrying that he would be arrested shortly after returning to Istanbul and had not returned until the announcement of the Second Constitutional Era. In this study, the pleading of Pasha, who is an important historical figure, containing important data especially about the Armenian issue and the situation of the 4th army will be assessed.