JOURNAL OF SOCIAL, HUMANITIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES (JOSHAS), Year 2021 Issue 45

EXPLORING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN THE POST GADDAFI ERA - DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS

2024-08-29

The importance of understanding whether post-Gaddafi business environment's characteristics limit or enhance the abilities of firms is indisputable. Yet little is known about how these characteristics may represent challenges or opportunities. This paper uses a documentary analysis to understand the post-Gaddafi business environment. The findings have shown that there are two characteristics of Libyan post-Gaddafi business environment, which are environmental munificence and complexity. These characteristics are crucial to local and international firms' survival and growth to the new environment. Some managerial implications have been suggested for Libyan government, officials, investors and entrepreneurs to enhance their understandings the trends in the future.

COMMODITY-SOURCED PUBLIC SERVICE PLATFORM-BASED COMMODITY INFORMATION REPUTATION ASSESSMENT METHOD IN THE CONTEXT OF INNOVATIVE DESIGN / YENİLİKÇİ TASARIM BAĞLAMINDA EMTİA KAYNAKLI KAMU HİZMETİ PLATFORMU TABANLI EMTİA BİLGİLERİ İTİBAR DEĞERLENDİRME YÖNTEMİ

Serdar Vural UYGUN,, Esra SİPAHİ DÖNGÜL — 2024-08-29

This article, which aims to evaluate the problems related to e-commerce transaction issues in the online commerce platform, analyzes the factors affecting the reliability of online transactions. It also introduces a commodity information reputation assessment method based on the community's resource use and the innovative design of the public service platform. In the article, an information reputation evaluation model for commodity trade issues was created by using the innovative design community-sourced public service platform and scoring standards in the index system. Experimental results show that the algorithm is effective and suitable for the current e-commerce reputation assessment system. Online ticaret platformunda e-ticaret işlem sorunları ile ilgili sorunları değerlendirmeyi amaçlayan bu makale, online işlemlerin güvenilirliğini etkileyen faktörleri analiz etmektedir. Ayrıca, topluluğun kaynak kullanımına ve kamu hizmeti platformunun yenilikçi tasarımına dayalı bir emtia bilgisi itibarı değerlendirme yöntemini de sunar. Bu makalede, yenilikçi tasarım topluluk kaynaklı kamu hizmeti platformu ve endeks sisteminde puanlama standartları kullanılarak emtia ticareti konuları için bir bilgi itibarı değerlendirme modeli oluşturulmuştur. Deneysel sonuçlar, algoritmanın mevcut e-ticaret itibar değerlendirme sistemi için etkili ve uygun olduğunu göstermektedir.

HAS TECHNO STRESS INCREASED IN THE EMPLOYEES OF COMPANIES THAT APPLIED DIGITAL STRATEGIES WITH THE PANDEMIC PROCESS? / PANDEMİ SÜRECİ İLE DİJİTALLEŞME STRATEJİLERİ UYGULAYAN FİRMA ÇALIŞANLARINDA TEKNO STRES ARTTI MI?

Cihan TINAZTEPE,, Funda KILIÇ — 2024-08-29

The aim of this study is to examine the techno stress that the digital transformation, which accelerates with the pandemic process in the digitalizing business world, can create in employees. The relationship between the two variables was assumed to be positive and this relationship was confirmed by the study. Factor analysis was applied to the variables without examining the relationship between the variables, and factors were obtained both parallel to and different from the literature. Employee digitalization is one of these sub-factors that give meaningful results. Digitalization of employees rather than the organization raises the level of techno stress. Again, employee digitalization affects techno-development, which is included in techno stress and is only detected in this study. Except for the hypothesis test, the differences of the variables in terms of demographic groups were examined. A significant difference was found between techno stress and techno-development in terms of age and seniority. Accordingly, as age and seniority progress, the level of these variables first decreases, and after a certain period of time, an increase is observed. In addition, the sector where digitalization is felt the most is food and the sector where techno insecurity is perceived at the highest level is banking. The study was carried out by reaching a total of 300 white-collar employees through a digital research panel. The generalizability of the research results is valid, as the selected employees are randomly selected from a representative sample of Turkey. This study focuses on the impact of digitalization on employees with the effect of the pandemic. In future studies, it is thought to pay attention to the positive effects of digitalization as well as the negative effects.

Bu çalışmanın amacı dijitalleşen iş dünyasında pandemi süreciyle birlikte hızlanan dijital dönüşümün çalışanlarda yaratabileceği teknostresi incelemektir. İki değişen arasındaki ilişki pozitif varsayılmış ve çalışma ile bu ilişki doğrulanmıştır. Değişkenler arası ilişki incelenmeden değişkenlere faktör analizi uygulanmış ve literatüre hem paralel hem de ondan farklı olarak faktörler elde edilmiştir. Bu alt faktörlerden anlamlı sonuç veren çalışan dijitalleşmesidir. Örgütten ziyade çalışanların dijitalleşmesi teknostres seviyesini yükseltmektedir. Yine çalışan dijitalleşmesi, teknostres içinde yer alan ve sadece bu çalışmada tespit edilen tekno gelişimi etkilemektedir. Hipotez testi dışında değişkenlerin demografik gruplar açısından farkı incelenmiştir. Teknostresin ve tekno gelişimin yaş ve iş kıdemi açısından anlamlı bir farkı tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre yaş ve kıdem süresi ilerledikçe önce bu değişkenlerin seviyesi azalmakta, beli bir süreden sonra ise artışı gözlemlenmektedir. Ayrıca dijitalleşmenin en fazla hissedildiği sektör gıda ve tekno güvensizliğin en yüksek düzeyde algılandığı sektör ise bankacılıktır. Çalışma dijital bir araştırma panel üzerinden toplamda 300 beyaz yakalı çalışana erişilerek gerçekleştirilmiştir. Seçilen çalışanlar Türkiye temsili bir örneklem üzerinden rassal olarak seçildiği için araştırma sonuçlarının genellenebilirliği geçerli düzeydedir. Bu çalışma pandemi etkisiyle dijitalleşmenin çalışanlarda yarattığı etkiye odaklanmaktadır. Gelecek çalışmalarda dijitalleşmenin olumsuz etkilerinin yanı sıra olumlu etkilerine dikkat verilmesi düşünülmektedir.

THE EFFECT OF INFLATION ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION: PANEL DATA ANALYSIS ON OECD COUNTRIES

Duygu ÇELİK,, Esat DAŞDEMİR — 2024-08-29

Inflation, which is one of the most fundamental macroeconomic problems of countries, also affects another important economic problem, income inequality. In this study, panel data analysis was conducted to measure the effect of inflation on income distribution. The model was estimated with macroeconomic data of 24 OECD countries with an annual frequency between 2009-2019. The Gini Coefficient was used to determine the income distribution in the study. In addition to inflation, which is one of the factors affecting income distribution, per capita income, unemployment and public expenditures are also included and used as independent variables. According to the estimation findings, a 1% increase in inflation increases the Gini Coefficient by 0.05%. In other words, increases in the general level of prices disrupt the income distribution. In addition, it was understood that a 1% increase in unemployment rate increased the Gini Coefficient by 0.14%, and a 1% increase in per capita income increased the Gini Coefficient by 0.03%. A 1% increase in public expenditures decreases the Gini Coefficient by 0.49%. Prediction findings are meaningful.

Ülkelerin en temel makroekonomik problemlerinden olan enflasyon, aynı zamanda bir diğer önemli ekonomik problem olan gelir eşitsizliğine de etki etmektedir. Bu çalışmada enflasyonun gelir dağılımı üzerindeki etkisini ölçmek amacıyla panel veri analizi yapılmıştır. 24 OECD ülkesinin 2009-2019 yılları arasındaki yıllık frekansa sahip makroekonomik veriler ile model tahmin edilmiştir. Çalışmada gelir dağılımını belirlemede Gini Katsayısı kullanılmıştır. Gelir dağılımına etki eden faktörlerden olan enflasyona ilaveten kişi başına düşen milli gelir, işsizlik ve kamu harcamalarına da yer verilmiş ve bağımsız değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Tahmin bulgularına göre enflasyondaki %1’lik artış, Gini Katsayısını %0.05 artırmaktadır. Diğer bir deyişle, fiyatlar genel düzeyindeki artışlar gelir dağılımını bozmaktadır. Ayrıca işsizlik oranındaki %1’lik artışın Gini Katsayısını %0.14, kişi başına düşen gelirdeki %1’lik artışın ise gelir dağılımını %0.03 artırdığı anlaşılmıştır. Kamu harcamalarındaki %1’lik artış ise Gini Katsayısını %0.49 oranında azaltmaktadır. Tahmin bulguları anlamlıdır.

A RESEARCH ON THE USE OF MOBILE APPLICATION WITH THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR

Süleyman Can YILDIRIR, — 2024-08-29

Mobile applications serve many different areas such as communication, education, entertainment, shopping, travel, health. The aim of this study is to examine the subjective norm and perceived behavioral control of mobile applications, and to determine the relationships between attitudes, intentions and actual behavior in the use of mobile applications. The convenience sampling method was used to select the sample and the sample number is set to 1000. In the literature review, no study on behavioral factors affecting the use of mobile applications of individuals has been found. In this respect, it can be said that the research has an original quality. As a result of the study, it is understood that the companies' knowledge about the demands of their customers on mobile applications and creating applications that will provide them with safe and maximum benefits, have importance in terms of marketing strategies.

Mobil uygulamalar iletişim, eğitim, eğlence, alışveriş, seyahat, sağlık gibi birçok farklı alana hizmet vermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, mobil uygulamaların subjektif normunu ve algılanan davranışsal kontrolünü incelemek ve mobil uygulamaların kullanımında tutum, niyet ve gerçekleşen davranış arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemektir. Örneklem seçiminde kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış ve örneklem sayısı 1000 olarak belirlenmiştir. Literatür taramasında bireylerin mobil uygulama kullanımlarını etkileyen davranışsal faktörler ile ilgili herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu açıdan araştırmanın özgün bir niteliğe sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, firmaların müşterilerinin mobil uygulamalara yönelik talepleri hakkında bilgi sahibi olmaları ve onlara güvenli ve maksimum fayda sağlayacak uygulamalar oluşturmalarının pazarlama stratejileri açısından önem arz ettiği anlaşılmıştır.

THE EFFECT OF A FIRM'S ACCOUNT GROUP WITH THE CODE 18 NAMED PREPAID EXPENSES AND INCOME ACCRUALS FOR THE FOLLOWING PERIOD ON THE MARKET VALUE OF THE FIRM ACCORDING TO IFRS

Tolga ULUSOY,, Necmiye AVANOĞLU — 2024-08-29

Turkey has become prominent among the countries of the world with economic globalization. National and international investors have been allowed to closely monitor the financial position of publicly listed companies in Turkey through Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE). Nowadays, companies that prepare their financial statements according to international standards have become preferred. Financial statements enable the financial situation of a company in a certain period to be revealed. Investors, loan openers and company owners need data at the same standards in order to compare companies by sector. This has necessitated applying international financial reporting standards in all countries. Investors and creditors have access to reliable, understandable and comparable company information by arranging their financial statements showing their financial and current status in accordance with international standards. In the study, it is aimed "to investigate the effect of a firm's account group of Prepaid Expenses and Income Accruals For The Following Period on the market value of the firm according to IFRS". In addition, in the study, the interpretation of the account group named Prepaid Expenses and Income Accruals For The Following Period has been made. As a result of the study, it is seen that the expenses for the following period and stock variables of the companies within the scope of the research are in parallel with each other. There is a significant and positive relationship between them. The study indicates that the transition to IFRS has a positive effect on the market value of companies.

Türkiye, küreselleşme ile birlikte ekonomik olarak dünya ülkeleri arasında önemli bir yer edinmiştir. Ulusal ve uluslararası yatırımcılar, Türkiye’deki halka açık şirketlerin finansal durumunu Borsa İstanbul (BİST)’den yakından takip etmektedirler. Günümüzde artık finansal tablolarını uluslararası standartlara göre hazırlayan firmalar tercih edilir hale gelmiştir. Finansal tablolar, şirketin belli bir dönemdeki finansal durumunun gözler önüne serilmesini sağlamaktadır. Yatırımcılar, kredi açıcılar ve şirket sahipleri, şirketleri sektör anlamda karşılaştırabilmek için aynı standartlardaki verilere ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu da uluslararası finansal raporlama standartlarının tüm ülkeler bazında uygulanmasını gerekli kılmıştır. Şirketler, finansal ve anlık durumunu gösteren finansal tablolarını uluslararası standartlara uygun şekilde düzenleyerek yatırımcı ve kredi açıcıların güvenilir, anlaşılır ve karşılaştırılabilir şirket bilgilerine ulaşması sağlanmıştır. Çalışmada; “bir firmanın UFRS’ ye göre Gelecek Aylara Ait Giderler ve Gelir Tahakkukları hesap grubunun firmanın piyasa değeri üzerindeki etkisinin araştırılması” amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada, Gelecek Aylara Ait Giderler ve Gelir Tahakkukları Hesap Grubunun yorumlaması yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda araştırma kapsamındaki şirketlerin gelecek aylara ait giderler ve hisse senedi değişkenlerinin birbirleri ile paralellik gösterdiği görülmektedir. Aralarında anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü bir ilişki vardır. Yapılan çalışma UFRS’ ye geçişin firmaların piyasa değeri üzerine olumlu etkisini arttırıcı niteliktedir.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF AZERBAIJANI AND TURKISH PESHREVS

Zulfiyya Ramiz HUSEYNOVA, — 2024-08-29

The article studies the peshrov songs which are famous in Shirvan ashug sphereone of the ashug environments of Azerbaijan and peshrevs belonging to Turkish folk music. The word "peshrov" means "beginning", "leading" and has an introductory nature. The number of peshrovs is 7, and they are performed to announce the opening of the ashug assembly and wedding ceremony. The peshrevs play the role of introduction to a certain series and the Chapter. Traditional and modern Turkish peshrevs is many, they differ from each other mainly by the name of the author and point. Yegakh peshrev of Tanburi Boyuk Osman bey, nihavand peshrev of Kanunu Mehmet bey and so on. The connection of the song with the makam and the author's name is also present in the peshrovs. "Shur peshrovu" reflects the name of the makam, "Ibrahimi peshrov", and "Bilal peshrovu" reflect the name of author. The form features of peshrov and peshrevs are slightly different. Peshrevs consist mainly of 4 cells - sections of equal length and size, and these sections are completed by a piece of so-called "mulazima" of a chorus nature, which does not go beyond the main plot. The third section is called "miyanhane" being different from others. The peculiarity of this section is the variability of the plot. The song-couplet form plays a key role in the structure of Azerbaijani peshrovs. The metric size is divided as 6/8. Turkish peshrevs are mainly of complex (28/4) metric size, such as Devr-i-Kebir. All this gives reason to say that peshrovs and peshrevs origin from same roots and are formed in the musical culture of each nation in a peculiar way.

PARENTS PARTICIPATING IN LEISURE ACTIVITIES IN KINDERGARTENS EXAMINATION OF RECREATION BENEFIT LEVELS

Mustafa KARAKAYA,; Bayram KAYA; Seda ERKEKLİ , Ercan YAVUZ — 2024-08-29

Evaluation of time is an important issue in every period of our lives. Individuals should know how to spend their time, whether they are old or young. Older individuals can manage their own time, but for younger individuals, this management falls to the parents. Parents will provide the best time management for their children with activities that increase their cognitive development, develop their sense of responsibility, and maximize their productivity. In this context, it is important to examine the perception of leisure management in children and to raise awareness in parents. The aim of the research is to determine the opinions and expectations of parents about recreational benefit levels through their participation in leisure time activities with their children in kindergartens. The research was applied to 489 parents of students in seven independent kindergartens in the center of Kırşehir. There is no significant difference between the level of happiness of the parents of students participating in the student-parent leisure time activity, in terms of the Parental Intimacy Level variable, and in the physical, mental and social sub-dimensions of the scale. As a result, we can say that according to the results of the surveys we have done, the level of happiness of the parents of kindergarten students participating in the leisure activity increases as the educational status and income level increase.

HALKİ, LONELİNESS, CENSOR AND HÜSEYİN RAHMİ GÜRPINAR

Serhat SOYŞEKERCİ, — 2024-08-29

In this article, the relationship between of Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar's some novels and his inner world is described. The artist, who left behind 41 novels, 9 stories, 4 plays and 6 books in which his prose was compiled with many pen discussions, shaped most of his literary productivity in the solitude of Halki. The artist, who works with his literary works on the one hand, and knitting, embroidery and cross-stitch on the other, has been censored because of his novel, which is seen as contrary to general morality. Today, there are two paths from the artist, from dreams to reality and from reality to dreams. First, it is a place that reminds us how the eyes that cannot see the shining of the stars will one day turn into the past where the shooting stars are buried; the other is the artist's words against censorship.

OPINIONS OF MANAGERS AND TEACHERS WORKING IN VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS ABOUT THE PROBLEMS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THEM

Bilal DURMAZ,; Sezai GÜÇMEN , Gürkan BEYAZ — 2024-08-29

Prevents the realization of communication problems between school administrators and teachers the school's purpose and adversely affect the functioning of the institution, many of the problem leads to the birth. It is thought that the investigation of this situation and the presentation of recommendations in the light of the results obtained will contribute to this area. The aim of the research is to determine the opinions of managers and teachers working in vocational high schools about communication problems between them. dec. The research is based on a screening model and is a quantitative research. Diyarbakır province has 344 managers and teachers in vocational high schools located in Kayapınar, Yenişehir, Bağlar, Sur, Ergani, Çermik, Dicle districts by easy sampling. In accordance with the answers given to the questionnaire statements, it was tried to test whether there were significant differences between school administrators and teachers according to gender, educational status, position, branch, age, year of service at school and decency variable. According to the results obtained, school administrators and teachers can replace themselves during communication and create a healthier communication environment if they try to understand.

EXAMINATION OF GUSTAV KLIMT AND EGON SCHIELE'S WORK IN CONTEXT OF OBJECT-SUBJECT RELATIONSHIP

Nazan DÜZ,, Kardelen ÖZDEMİR — 2024-08-29

Art, which has emerged with the history of humanity, has developed in the historical process and has evolved with a human-specific ability. Art gave importance to beauty, that is, to the science of aesthetics. The science of aesthetics, which examines the artist as the subject, the work of art as the aesthetic object, and the receptive subject, has renewed itself in line with the concepts. The reason for this renewal is that the concept of beauty has changed over time. Pursuing the idea of seeing the beautiful in ugliness has brought new quests to the science of aesthetics and reshaped the aesthetic value. In art, which is based on thought and emotion, the creativity of the artist, that is, the subject, has been in harmony with his life. The values of the object, the attitude of the subject towards the object, the reconsideration of the traces of life by the subject and the shaping of the object revealed the creativity level of the subject. As subjects, Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele are two artists who have expressed many things about life in different formal languages. Symbolist painter Gustav Klimt prioritized ornamentation in his works. He saw the image of woman as a symbol of beauty and touched on themes such as birth and death by using the image of woman in his works. Expressionist painter Egon Schiele, who saw Gustav Klimt as his master, took the negative aspects of life as a basis and blended his thoughts with the events he had lived to create unhappy, hopeless, depressed and sickly figures. He discovered beauty in the ugly, harmonizing with his erotic paintings. Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele produced very important works in their own style. The works they have produced have given the audience information about themselves, their own life, thoughts and feelings, while at the same time making them question the concept of beauty again. The aim of this study is to examine the works of Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele, to examine the relationship between the subject's attitude to the object and the object to the subject.

MISSIONARY ACTIVITIES IN ISLAMIC GEOGRAPHY

Yaşar CANATAN, — 2024-08-29

Missionary is the form of the Crusades that has changed the front and gained continuity. The first architect of the Crusades was Pope Sylvester in 1002. Byzantine Emperor II. With Mihail's request from Pope Gregory VII in 1074 for help against the Muslim Seljuks, the Crusades entered the agenda of the West. On November 18, 1095, Pope Urban II decided to start the Crusades by gathering more than 400 priests, including 14 Monastery chief priests and 250 regional priests in France, and they dispersed to various countries to provoke the people. The main objective of these expeditions, which target Jerusalem on the condition that it masquerades as religion, is to plunder and destroy the material and spiritual wealth of the Middle East and surrounding regions and to possess valuable underground and surface mines. Crusaders arrived in the Sharif region of Jerusalem on July 15, 1099, massacred 100,000 Muslims, patched everything on their way, burned, destroyed and brutally murdered. Missionary, looting, unnamed Crusades in and around the Middle East sometimes stop, sometimes regress, sometimes seem to regress, but in fact, they continue on their way by advancing towards their goal.

METAPHORICAL PERCEPTIONS OF PRESCHOOL TEACHERS REGARDING THE CONCEPTS OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION AND PRESCHOOL EDUCATION PROGRAM

Fatma AVCI, — 2024-08-29

This research was conducted to reveal the perceptions of preschool teachers about the concepts of "preschool education" and "preschool education program" through metaphors. The study was carried out according to the phenomenology pattern, one of the qualitative research designs. According to the data of the study, 58 preschool teachers, 54 females and 4 males, working in the city center of Eskişehir in the fall semester of the 2019-2020 academic year, stated that “Preschool education is like ……, Because ……” and “Preschool education program is like ….., because……..” is reached by completing the sentences. The data collected within the scope of the research were analyzed with the content analysis technique and then the analyzed data were interpreted. According to the findings, preservice teachers produced 42 valid metaphors for the concept of "preschool education" and 56 valid metaphors for the concept of "preschool education program". These produced metaphors were then categorized by considering their common features and analogy aspects. As a result of this process, eight categories for the concept of "preschool education" and thirteen categories for the concept of "preschool education program" were reached. While there was no negative perception expression in the metaphors developed by preschool teachers for the concept of "preschool education", the same situation did not arise for the concept of "preschool education program". Reasons have been presented for some metaphors developed for the preschool education program that the preschool education program should be renewed, that it is restrictive and contains unnecessary details.

INVESTIGATION OF BLOCKCHAİN TECHNOLOGY IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL: A RESEARCH ON CRYPTOCURRENCY

Yavuz TORAMAN, — 2024-08-29

The purpose of the paper is examining the factors that affecting the user adoption of newly promoted blockchain technology by using the developed model. The model is designed to examine the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which is frequently used in the adoption of new technologies, and variables added to the model such as the perceived trust, perceived risk and perceived compatibility and the factors that will affect the users intention to use and active use of blockchain technology in accordance with the purpose of the research. In this paper, Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Smart PLS 3 which have been used in the analysis of SEM mostly have been used. No significant relationship have been found between the independent variables in the research mode which are perceived trust, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The reason for this can be explained by the short questions asked in the research, the participated users do not trust the cryptocurrency (digital currency) that continues their activities with the blockchain technology while they trust the blockchain technology. It can be said that the effect of perceived compatibility is that users adapt quickly to blockchain technology as digital products and services become more suitable for people's lifestyles. In terms of perceived risk, consumers show that they believe the distributed structure of blockchain technology can make transactions more secure. In accordance with the literature the most important factor affecting the active use of new technologies is the intention of the users.

THE ISSUE OF FREEDOM IN SOREN KIERKEGAARD AND FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE

Vedat ÇELEBİ,, Fatma BEYAZGEYİK — 2024-08-29

In this article, the thoughts of existentialist philosophers Soren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche who discuss freedom from different perspectives will be evaluated. Described as the founder of existential philosophy, Kierkegaard built his own thought on the freedom and choices of the individual based on the possibility that the self is a synthesis. On the other hand, the real choices of the individual grounded in hopelessness and anxiety and/or logic are presented in the aesthetic and ethical existence stages, while in the eternal surrender, faith, and God relationship, they are presented in the religious existence stage. The individual constructs their own self by revealing their freedom in different ways and levels in the field of existence to which they belong. On the other hand, Nietzsche, unlike Kierkegaard, placed the superman, being and life, who can create their own values freely on the way to human freedom, in the center of his philosophy instead of God and his values, which are ultimately reached through eternal surrender. In his philosophy, Nietzsche reveals the necessity of freeing the life of man from all the values that belong to the herd people and preventing him from being himself and affirming it freely with all aspects of life. As a result, in the philosophies of both thinkers, freedom appears as an important element in the creation of one's own self. Being able to choose and reveal oneself as required by existence is possible with freedom. In this direction, the purpose of the article is to compare the thoughts of Kierkegaard and Nietzsche on freedom in terms of existential philosophy.

THE EFFECT OF STRATEGİC HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ON CORPORATE PERFORMANCE: A STUDY ON THE BUSİNESS TO CONSUMER (B2C) E-COMMERCE MODEL IN TURKEY

Gökhan ÇAKIR,, Ali ÖZCAN — 2024-08-29

In recent years, the rapid development of science and technology has led to an increase in internet users, while indirectly the market share of electronic commerce in the world trade volume has increased significantly. The analyzes presented in the study are a source for both today's businesses that continue their activities within the scope of the B2C e-commerce model, which is one of the widely used models among e-commerce methods, and for businesses that will emerge in the future, considering that technological developments will increasingly continue. Strategic human resources management, which includes all the decisions taken to manage individuals in businesses, to determine business strategies to provide competitive advantage and to implement these strategies, is one of the important tools for businesses. The biggest factors in the prominence of strategic human resources are the increasing global and technological competition with the development of technology. The main purpose of this research is; It is the examination of how human resources management strategies contribute to the development of businesses operating with the B2C e-commerce model in Turkey. In the study, the effects of strategic human resources management and its sub-dimensions on corporate performance of enterprises were examined. In this direction, it has been determined that strategic human resources management affects the competitive performance, policy performance and innovation performance of enterprises at certain rates.

ACCOUNTING AND BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

Ayşe GÜNEŞ, — 2024-08-29

It is obligatory to keep books for the activities of all organizations. Regardless of whether it is a public or private institution, it is obligatory to present the accounts along with the budgeting. In addition to many duties of these institutions, it is a necessity to keep records in the purchase or sale of goods and services in accordance with the principle of transparency. In the current legislation, the books act according to the double-sided bookkeeping system. It shows that despite all legal obligations in current practices, arbitrary or coercive practices in actual practices lead to the development of financial fraud. From this perspective, this article discusses how the risk of error and fraud mechanism can definitely be reduced by moving to the next level of technology, blockchain, and from a double-entry accounting system to a three-entry accounting system.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCES OF EMERGING EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WITH THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 WITH TOPSIS AND MABAC METHODS

Tahsin AVCI,, Nedim MERCAN — 2024-08-29

Macroeconomic indicators provide important information about the economic performance of countries. The possible fluctuations of these variables require economic decision makers to develop policies and take measures against the negative situation that may occur. During the pandemic process, fluctuations in macroeconomic variables occurred almost all over the world. The aim of this study is to measure the economic performance of 16 emerging (and developing) Europe countries in the light of selected macroeconomic indicators. In the study, it is aimed to compare the economic performances before and during the pandemic. From this point of view, the year 2019 and 2020 were selected in the study. In the study, TOPSIS and MABAC are used as Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods. In addition, the ENTROPY method is used for weighting variables. According to the TOPSIS method, the top three highest performing countries in 2019 were Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro, respectively; The last three underperforming countries were Serbia, Moldova and Hungary, respectively. In 2020, the top three highest performing countries were Albania, Croatia and Russia, respectively; The last three underperforming countries were Turkey, Kosovo and Poland, respectively. According to the MABAC method, the top three highest performing countries in 2019 were Kosovo, Montenegro and Poland, respectively; The lowest performing countries were Serbia, Ukraine and Moldova. In 2020, the countries with the highest performance were Albania, Russia and Hungary; The lowest performing countries were Turkey, Kosovo and Ukraine. As a result of the study, Turkey, Kosovo, Poland, Serbia, Moldova, Hungary and Ukraine are more economically fragile in the pandemic process than other countries.

HISTORICAL, LEGAL AND ECONOMIC DIMENSİONS OF REMOTE WORK INCREASING IN THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC PROCESS

Yılmaz AYDIN,, H. Okan YILDIRIM — 2024-08-29

Quality, knowledge and education have become indispensable elements in the information society and post-industrial society. Mechanical technologies, which are valid in the industrial society, have evolved into computer-based production in the information society. As a result, rapid changes took place in labor relations and employment. As a result of these changes, atypical working relationships and flexible working models have emerged. As a matter of fact, "remote working" or “teleworking”, which has a history that can go back to the early 1970s, has become a more applied form of employment with the Covid-19 epidemic. The International Labor Organization (ILO) defines remote working as the use of information and communication technologies (BIT) such as tablets, laptops, desktop computers and smartphones in work done outside the employer's premises. When the definition of remote work is examined, three basic elements emerge as "space", "technology" and "organization". The basis of the legal regulations for remote working is based on the effort to establish the application area of this atypical employment form on appropriate foundations. Therefore, being able to organize remote work individually or collectively makes it necessary to examine it in terms of labor law. On the other hand, the form of responsibility sharing in terms of occupational health and safety should also be addressed. In this study, while the legal and economic dimensions of remote working are analyzed in detail, the benefits and drawbacks for employees, employers and the public are discussed

THE EFFECT OF CENTRAL BANK’s INTEREST RATE DECISIONS ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS1

Selin AYDIN, — 2024-08-29

Central Bank rate decisions affect the financial performance of commercial banks. It is known that fundamental problems such as stable growth and external balance are particularly affected by the volatility in exchange rates. Central Bank intervenes againts exchange rate volatility with interest rate decisions and aims to provide stability. When the current account deficit of countries with current account deficit problems increases more, it is expected that employment will increase and unemployment rates will decrease. Thus, as I have briefly mentioned in the findings section of the article, there is an economic fluctuation. Therefore, since the change in interest rates directly concerns the economy of the country, developing countries are also reducing interest rates by applying tight monetary policies. Although it has been decided to reduce the auction interest rate many times in the policy steps taken in 2020, suggestions for weekly repo still continue. There are restrictions on funding in this period. Banks should proceed with precaution when providing funding. It is not easy to achieve price stabillity with short term inflation targeting. Since the increasing unemployment rates in recent years bring along the employment problem, the government needs to produce more work opportunities in order to increase the employment rates. Short-term inflation targeting also creates negative effects on the current account balance. In this study, the power of The Central Bank's interest rate decisions to explain the financial performance of commercial banks was investigated. The data set used in the study is included the period between 2009-2019. For this determination, the model was prepared using regression analysis. Correlation matrix was calculated via Microsoft Excel. After that, the normal distribution test was applied to the variables separately. The model was not statistically significant.

THE EVALUATION OF THE OPINIONS OF HEALTH SERVICES VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS ON THE SEMESTER PRACTICES AND THE SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROCESS

Zeynep KORKMAZ,; Özgül BALCI; Semra AY , Turan GÜNDÜZ — 2024-08-29

Employees have an important role in providing health services in the desired quality. Healthcare workers should be well-educated and have a high level of knowledge and skill. Vocational Schools of Health Services train health technicians who will take part in health services. It is very important to prepare students for working life with practical training as well as theoretical education. This research was conducted to evaluate the opinions of the students of Vocational School of Health Services about their practices during the term and their summer internship processes. The research was planned as descriptive. The population of the research consists of 950 students studying in the fall semester of the 2018-2019 academic year, and the sample consists of 429 students who were randomly included in the research within the scope of all programs in the college. In the study, a questionnaire form prepared by the researchers was used by scanning the literature. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of the data. According to the results of the research, 34.5% of the students stated that the theoretical education they received was sufficient to meet the requirements of the profession, but 37.7% of them stated that the application time was insufficient. The rate of students who stated that they adequately shared the knowledge and experience of the health personnel during the implementation processes is 37.8%. It was determined that 80.3% of the students made changes in their knowledge and experience of the summer internship, and 83.9% of them were satisfied with the institution they did their internship.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF TOURISM REVENUES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE CASE OF TURKEY

Feyza ARICA,, İsmail Mert GÜNDOĞDU — 2024-08-29

Tourism is one of the main service sectors of a country that provides income in economic and socio-cultural fields. For this reason, world countries with tourism potential especially attach importance to international tourism activities and aim to increase their welfare levels by accelerating their economic development. In this study, the relationships between tourism revenues and economic growth in Turkey for the 1963-2018 period were analyzed by cointegration and causality method. The cointegration analysis revealed the finding that tourism revenues are an important cause of economic growth in the long run. The causality analysis results, on the other hand, showed that there was bidirectional causality between the two variables at a significance level of 0.10.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES AND ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT: EVIDENCE ON TURKEY

Ersin YAVUZErsin YAVUZ, — 2024-08-29

The aim of the study is to empirically examine the effects of environmental taxes, fossil and renewable energy consumption, GDP per capita, urbanization rate and environmental technologies patents on environmental pollution in Turkey. The data cover the period 1994-2017. The ecological footprint ratio, which has been popular in recent years, is used to represent environmental pollution. In the analysis part of the study, time series regression analysis is applied depending on the data set structure. According to the findings obtained from the analysis, environmental taxes increase the ecological footprint. It is noteworthy that environmental taxes, which are expected to reduce environmental pollution, cause environmental degradation. While the effect of GDP per capita, which has a significant effect on the ecological footprint, is positive, the effect of renewable energy consumption is negative. In other words, renewable energy consumption contributes to the improvement of environmental quality by reducing the ecological footprint. It is determined that the effects of patents on environmental technologies, urban population growth rate and fossil fuel energy consumption are not statistically significant. The results indicate that environmental taxes should be regulated to increase environmental quality and the importance of renewable energy sources.

EFFECT OF INFORMAL COMMUNICATION ON CORPORATE LOYALTY: A REVIEW ON THE EMPLOYEES OF 5-STAR HOTELS IN ALANYA

Ebubekir DELİHASAN,; Ali ÖZCAN , Ahmet ERKASAP — 2024-08-29

In the globalizing world conjuncture, human resources play a key role in achieving the goals and objectives of institutions and ensuring their continuity. The communication of human resources within organizations with each other also significantly affects their commitment to their institutions. In this research, the effect of the informal communication process of hotel employees in the accommodation sector, where different cultures continue to work together, on their commitment to their institutions was examined. The research, which was carried out in the universe of 5-star hotels operating in Alanya, was preferred because all departments were separated since it was considered as a more institutional structure. Since it is a service sector, customer-oriented work paves the way for the differentiation of expectations in terms of employers and employees. The research was carried out by taking into account the data of 401 participants in total for the study carried out on 91 hotels in Alanya. For statistical analysis, the data were analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 program. According to the results of the research, the commitment of the informal communication established between the employees within the institution to their institutions was discussed with the demographic characteristics, Informal Communication and Institutional Commitment Scales and their sub-dimensions. The resulting findings are explained by concluding with the relevant tables and figures.

EMOTION MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN SCHOOL MANAGERS

Murat ALTIN,; Muhammed KOÇ; Zülfü ÖZKAN; Muhammed KAPLAN , Murat SUBATAN — 2024-08-29

It is not easy for organizations to keep up with the changing age. It is not possible for organizations to adapt to the changing age and keep up with the change, especially with the classical managerial attitudes used today. In this period, in which the feelings and thoughts of the employees have gained importance as well as skills and knowledge, the importance of executive individuals in the understanding of management increases. Along with the developing living conditions, managers need to be a good emotion manager as well as their existing roles. Manager and management success is possible today by establishing strong human relations and managing these relations well in order to reach the goals. It is known that people, not machines, are used to achieve success in educational institutions. Emotion, enthusiasm and excitement of individuals are very important elements in the process of achieving success in educational organizations. It is possible to say that the emotion management behaviors of the administrators in educational institutions have an effect on the motivation and organizational commitment of the individuals, since the administrators in the schools are in a position to affect the entire process in order for the organization to reach the goal in terms of their position. It is thought that the high levels of emotional management of the administrators working in educational institutions can also provide organizational commitment by increasing individuals' job satisfaction, work efficiency and the quality of the service provided.

EXAMINING THE ATTITUDES OF TEACHERS WORKING IN HIGH SCHOOLS TOWARDS DISTANCE EDUCATION

Murat GÖKALP,, Erdem YUMBUL — 2024-08-29

Thanks to the faster and easier access of technology, it can be updated to learn about people and can be updated with existing ones and new ones. This development in transportation, which can develop in technology, pushed educators to new understandings in learning-teaching processes and education started with those who were not in our training programs. Distance education models among young children are the most preferred among our education. These exercises are for educational training from people working in high schools. Also, about students. Also don't show if it shows a sign in terms of referrals. In the research, descriptive survey model was used as a method. In the study, it was obtained by Ağır (2007) with the “Distance Education Attitude Scale”. The sample of the research consisted of 404 teachers from different branches, working in high schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Samsun. Frequency, percentage, mean values, t-test and ANOVA were used in the analysis of the data. It has been determined that their attitudes towards international education towards the research have positive beer above average. Gender, seniority and classification can be mentioned.

ARAPGIR HISTORICAL STONE BRIDGES

Ayşe LEVENT,, Cumali LEVENT — 2024-08-29

Arapgir has been home to different cultures due to its geographical characteristics and location.Under Roman and its successor Byzantine rule, its military structure was also seen due to its ability to be a border in the conflicts with Iran. It has developed with the trust environment brought by the Turkish administration in Arapgir and has reached the starboard administrative unit. It has made a name for itself with its historical way, production, handicrafts, weaving industry and trained manpower. Some of the arched stone bridges in arapgir's historical monuments have been our subject of study. Some of the arched bridges of around thirty on the borders of Arapgir remained standing, but others remained relics or names. Some bridges have also been used with modifications on their sides or on them. The passage of the destroyed bridges was continued by using wood on the foundation or side. The bridges that have survived with their original architectural structures have been examined. The majority of the arched bridges in Arapgir are built with one eye. It has been observed that neighborhood crossings, access to religious places, bazaars, historical road route were taken into consideration in its construction. Taşköprü, which is a Roman work, was built for military purposes. The Meydan, Kozluk and Tarhanik bridges are also commercial road-oriented. No decoration technique was observed on the bridges. Opening the arched bridges to traffic by making changes on them damages the historical texture.This heritage needs to be preserved and given the necessary importance in terms of reminding the past.

THE FIVE STAR MOVEMENT AS AN INTERESTING POPULIST PARTY EXPERIENCE WITH DIGITAL MEDIA SUPPORT

Sami ZARİÇ, — 2024-08-29

Italy is witnessing the emergence of new political movements due to some economic and political challenges. The most powerful of these movements has been the Five Star Movement. This movement, which used the Internet very intensively, has been the most successful party in the 2018 elections. There are a number of lessons to be learned from the story of such a movement. With this study, the Five Star Movement was examined as an exemplary movement that emerged with the strengthening of digital media. Thus, it has been tried to put forward what kind of features such political movements may have.

EVALUATION OF STUDIES ON TECHNOLOGICAL LEADERSHIP SKILLS OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS

Yalçın UÇAK,; Hibet DÜŞÜNCELİ; Çoşkun BULUT; Muhammmet Masuk TÜRK , Nizam BİÇER — 2024-08-29

This study includes content analysis of article studies on the Evaluation of Studies on Technological Leadership Skills of School Administrators of school principals between 2000-2012. In this study carried out in the first six months of 2019-2020, it was observed that there were 15 studies in total. According to the findings, it was concluded that the first study was carried out in 2000, the studies concentrated most in 2012, all the studies were prepared in the form of articles and in Turkish, and the research examples were mostly made up of undergraduate graduates. The research was done in qualitative data model, which is a descriptive survey model. In the research, mostly content analysis was evaluated descriptively.

COMPARISON OF TEACHER TRAINING AND APPOINTMENTS IN TURKEY AND FRANCE EDUCATION SYSTEMS

Aziz BULUT,; Zeynal KIRAÇ; Süleyman TEKDEMİR; Abdullah YAŞAR , Özlem URİ — 2024-08-29

The main aim of this research is to examine the training and appointment of teachers in the education systems of Turkey and France. Within the framework of these objectives, the general factors of teacher training and appointment in Turkey and France education systems, the principles of education systems, the goals of society determined for these systems, and the organizational structure of the system were examined. The issues of appointment and training of the training personnel involved in these systems were examined. The numerical data used in this study are based on the official numerical data of the French homeland for the French education system from the official web page of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Turkey for the education system. Numerical data of trans-sea cities and overseas territories were used in the data that could not be obtained from the numerical data related to the motherland. As a result of this research: teaching has become a profession in France, and in Turkey, there is a search along with trying to create a infrastructure for it. In France, the teacher has reached a saturation both numerically and qualitatively, while in Turkey there are problems with both quality and quantity meaning. Although teachers are appointed in different ways in France, Turkey has been constantly changing the system in recent years. In France, there is intensive in-service training for teachers, but in-service training in Turkey is largely optional.

A NEW SOURCE OF MUSIC HISTORY WITHIN THE EFFECT OF ABDULKADIR MERAGI: TAVZIH AL-ALHAN

Recep USLU, — 2024-08-29

Rauf Yekta, who made Abdülkadir Meragi's life into a book for the first time, was aware of the need to obtain more information while writing his work and specifically stated that he would write a wider biography. However, he could not write his work. No such work has been found either in print or in his estate. Meragi is one of the important theorists of Middle Eastern music history. The need for chronological details of his biography is partially given in Makasıd lis-Sultan Murad (Uslu 2015a), published in 2015, but sources to provide us with more information are emerging over time. The Tavzihu'l-elhan book we obtained can both give new information about his biography and show the extent of the influence of Meragi's music theory. For this purpose, in the article, the work named Tavzihu'l-elhan has been introduced and it has been tried to benefit from the information it will present to Meragi's biography. Since the detailed examination of the work would exceed the limits of an article, the purpose and subject of the article was limited to the information it gave about Meragi. The work mentions Meragi a lot. With some of his statements, he confirms the biographical information about him given in the sources. But it also gives different and new information. Among the interesting information given in the work, Meragi is the inventor of the six-stringed oud and the names he gave to the strings; from transformation obtained from these strings; 12 makams, 6 avazes, and 24 shubes; from shubes and flets with different names; one of the abjad symbols of 17 frets on the absolute-string; from his son Abdurrahman; It talks about many instruments. Although most of this information is not in Meragi's work, the article also questioned which music school the piece belongs to. As a result, the research on the work called Tavzihu'l-elhan by Ruhbani, one of the scribes and musicians of the Behmeni palace, showed that it was written around 1500 and had the influence of Meragi's theoretical views, and that it was a work reflecting the Herat Systemists School.

THE EFFECTS OF GREEN ADS ON CUSTOMERS’ PURCHASE DECISION: THE MODERATING ROLE OF GENERATIONS

SERHAT ATA,Mehmet Emin YAŞAR, Bulut DÜLEK — 2024-08-29

The rapid increase in environmental problems that threaten the ecological balance, global problems that threaten people's quality of life and the search for solutions have increased the importance of concepts such as social responsibility, green marketing and green advertising. Businesses have started to take this sensitivity into account in their products and advertisements to create competition and difference. In this study, the effect of green advertisements on the consumer purchasing decision process and the moderator role played by generations on this effect were investigated. Results attained in this research indicate that generations play a moderator role in the effect of green advertisements on purchasing decisions. Besides, the moderator role of generations is decreasing from generation X to generation Y and Z.

EXAMINATION OF TEACHER PERCEPTION LEVELS REGARDING SCHOOL SAFETY

Ahmet BÖRÜ,; Faruk TAZECAN; Metin TOPRAK , Ferhat TAZECAN — 2024-08-29

This research aims to examine the perception levels of teachers according to different demographic variables related to school safety in secondary school and secondary school level schools. Descriptive survey model was used in the study. Screening models are a research approach that aims to describe a situation that has been done in the past or is still present as it is. Akan and Zengin (2018) used the School Security Scale developed by Akan and Zengin (2018) to measure the level of school security. In the analysis phase, descriptive statistical methods, arithmetic average and standard deviation calculations show yaralanild by inferential statistical methods due to variables such as independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA were used in the analyses. The universe of the research is teachers working in official secondary schools and high schools in Diyarbakir. The sample was determined as an easy sampling method due to COVID-19 and a total of 252 teachers were included in the study. According to the results of the research; school security levels according to the perceptions of teachers; it has been found that the situational sub-dimension is "moderately agree". There was no significant difference in the perceptions of teachers about school safety according to different demographic variables. According to the perceptions of the teachers, it has been determined that the school security is at a moderate level. Accordingly, the Ministry of National Education should establish policies, set standard criteria and implement mechanisms to protect the safety of the school in all areas in order to create safe schools

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OBSERVED IN MIGRATION AND MIGRANT BEHAVIORS

Galip UYAR,, Recep ERCAN — 2024-08-29

The phenomenon of migration, which is thought to be as old as the history of humanity, is evaluated by many academics with its economic, social, cultural and political dimensions. However, beyond all these dimensions, there is another dimension that complements and/or influences them: the social psychological dimension. Social psychological dimensions of migration have been neglected for a long time in migration studies. The aim of this study is to highlight the neglected social psychological dimensions of migration. Social psychology studies the behavior of the individual neither in his/her singularity nor within the social collective; observes and analyzes behavior in group dynamics. Attitude, prejudice, stereotyping, group conformity and social influence are the main areas of study of social psychology. The main areas mentioned are; positive attitudes such as solidarity, acceptance, and persuasion; they enable the examination and investigation of negative attitudes such as marginalization, ignorance, denial, and devaluation. Such positive and negative attitudes are extremely important for understanding and making sense of migration and migrant behavior. It is hoped that social psychological analyzes will provide both a methodological and conceptual framework for researchers in different disciplines working on migration and migrant behavior.

A REVIEW ON THE WORKS OF THE PAINTER, MEHMET BAŞBUĞ

Mustafa Cevat ATALAY, — 2024-08-29

In this study, the themes in the project and the color palette in the paintings of the judicial painter Mehmet Başbuğ will be summarized piece by piece. This production is forward-looking works of open literature and their production as a subject, true to the production of paintings. Paintings can be pictorially appropriate in many different ways, not only the anxieties of a work but also the emotional world of planning. The subconscious milk images of the images in the works of the exhibitions and the preference and use of the images clearly indicate form, symbol, color, etc. known to be transmitted to individuals. This image artist paintings-works bring together a view from a different view. What kind of an effort is made in this game, it is possible to like more in the images in the imagination. In Mehmet Başbuğ's design, there is an original creative fiction that appears concretely. Working preferences are oil on canvas, pattern on paper, etc. consists of the whole. His compositions are patterned and have stylistic unity. The artist has developed a unique technique with the intellectual-based preferences and applications of the color palette. He succeeded in conveying his personal painting design. Upgrades with objects or shapes for use with perspective uses are valid for models branded to the space. The first is the concept of “moment” and the second is the concept of “distance”. The design in his drawings can be created from the culture and removed from the exhibited paintings to plan the final planning of the original drawing. The ties of colors and the collection of colors that are personal are statements about pictorial and related topics.

AN ASSESSMENT ON THE IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN CONSERVING HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENT

Abdullah KARATAŞ, — 2024-08-29

While the historical environment provides individuals with the opportunity to see their past better and integrate with it, it also offers clues and various experiences that can help them return to their essence. However, although the historical environment has an important function in terms of integration with the past, unfortunately, many historical buildings cannot fulfill such a function today because they have been destroyed for the sake of urbanization. At this point, the importance of education and awareness is better understood. In this context, it can be said that historical environmental education, which aims to protect the historical environment and deliver it to future generations, is a very important tool. The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of the protection of the historical environment for future generations and to reveal the role and importance of historical environmental education in this protection. In the study, the historical values in the settlements, which are considered together with their examples, are considered as the historical environment.

THE RIGHT TO HEALTH AND EQUALITY IN HEALTH IN THE POST-PANDEMI PROCESS

Hicran ATATANIR, — 2024-08-29

Equality is a fundamental principle for the realization and proper use of legally recognized rights. Equality, which makes it possible for socioeconomic policies that shape social life to affect human life through 'common rights and obligations'; It has a strategic importance for the protection of the right to health and the existence of sustainable health systems. Although the right to health and the principle of equality are guaranteed by various national and international regulations, the Covid-19 Pandemic has held a strong mirror to the world, which is already infected with the virus of inequality. In the mirror, the irreparable effects of the socioeconomic systems that shape access to the right to health and the inequalities they contain on human life are still visible. The pandemic process has had a shocking effect on the focus of attention on the right to health and equality in health almost all over the world. In countries such as England, Italy and India, with the death rates of up to thousands in short time periods, the debates on whether people can access health services under equal conditions took a wide place on the agenda. While this process led to serious problems in accessing health services, especially for the elderly, the disabled, the homeless, and groups without social security, moving away from the principle of equality in health caused a price that many people had to pay with their lives. Equality in health, which is considered one of the strategic components of the post-pandemic future in this article; In this study, it has been tried to be discussed within the framework of the relationship established between the rights-based approach to health and the publicity of the right to health. The main argument of the article, which deals with the need for the principle of equality to turn into a strategic component of health systems in the post-pandemic period, in the sociopolitical context; for equality in access to health services, which is a public right; there is a need for social policies that can confront inequalities and their socioeconomic causes, invest in the social determinants of health, and strengthen social security systems and general health insurances.

QUESTIONING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC FULL OF AMBIGUİTY: THE CASE OF BALIKESIR

Yonca ALTINDAL,, Hayra ÜSKÜP — 2024-08-29

The COVID-19 virus, which is on the agenda by affecting the society, first spread in the city of Wuhan in China, then spread around the world and became effective on a global scale and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). When we look at the rate of contact-based spread and its effect on human health, In order to increase protective measures in general and to ensure the welfare of the society, some measures have been taken and restrictions have been brought to the agenda. During the transition to the 'new normal' life, the changing dimensions of sociality came to the fore with the calls of '#evdekal'. Thus, sociological phenomena took on a new form. Due to the social dynamics of urbanization, the spread of the COVID-19 virus has accelerated. In this context, public health directly affected urbanization life; brought up the discussion of areas such as family, education and vulnerable groups. This study is discussed from a sociological perspective in order to show the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of town and urbanization. For this reason, in this study, the problems faced by families during the pandemic process around the social themes of urban life are discussed. In order to deal with these problems from a sociological perspective, the perspectives of health workers and their families residing in Altıeylül and Karesi districts of Balıkesir province were tried to be examined on the basis of sociological facts and on the basis of qualitative method

THE REPRESENTATION OF REALITY BASED ON SOCIETY AND TECHNOLOGY

Serap SARIBAŞ, — 2024-08-29

Societies have created a variety of tools to reach knowledge and reality. Knowledge and reality were transferred from one community to another through storytelling as a result of oral narrative tradition in the past. In addition, with the development of printing, and technology and media, the way knowledge and reality were transferred was changed. This study aims to discuss how the understanding of reality was shaped and acquired a subjective dimension by means of storytelling, which is an inseparable part of the oral narrative tradition and how the reality in novels evolved with the impact of the writers’ background knowledge and personal experiences and perceptions. Within the context of storytelling, an important instrument of oral narrative tradition, the statement of Walter Benjamin; “Counsel woven into the fabric of real life is wisdom” (Benjamin, 86) is emphasized, and it is pointed out that a storyteller’s stories are constructed on his understanding of the situation and the audience acquires information that is colored by that storyteller’s experiences. In this study, it is suggested that knowledge was standardized and even manipulated and idealized by authors and governments in line with their social, economic, and political ideologies using printing and printed works of art. The manipulation of knowledge and reality through images and visual media is addressed, and it is indicated that digital copying devaluated the “original” work of art. In conclusion, it is suggested that societies have always had different perspectives on reality. Moreover, the study argues that rather than a universal reality, there is only a technology-related subjective understanding of the representation of reality over time.

OPINIONS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS ON THE USE OF EBA (EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION NETWORK) IN THE DISTANCE EDUCATION PROCESS

Eşref AĞGÜN,; Süleyman ASLAN; Fahriye YILMAZ; Ali Erhan İÇTEN , Yusuf TEKDEMİR — 2024-08-29

Due to the rapid spread of the corona virus (Covid-19), which emerged in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, some measures were taken in our country. One of the measures taken to prevent the spread is that schools are suspended as of March 16. During the pandemic process, education that could not be provided face-to-face with the holiday of schools continued to be provided with distance education. In this study, the opinions of middle school teachers regarding the use of EBA in distance education during the pandemic (Covid-19) process were examined. For this purpose, one of the qualitative research methods, case study design was used in the study. The study was carried out with Turkey's secondary teachers who are working in various regions. Easily accessible situation sampling was used to determine the sample. The interview applied to the teachers was carried out on the internet with ZOOM (meeting application). The data obtained from the questions asked in the interview form were analyzed using the content analysis technique. As a result of the research, the teachers stated that continuing the distance education process with EBA (Education Information Network) provides them convenience and that the live course feature brought to EBA enables the education-teaching to be given in the best way without interruption in the distance education process we are in. However, they stated that opportunities such as one-to-one learning and practical teaching in face-to-face education motivate students more, children learn by having fun and socialize, and emphasized that the lack of these advantages in face-to-face education in the distance education process is a deficiency and negatively affects the process. In the process, they also stated that they had difficulties at first because the live course application on the platform was new, and that there were some technical problems from time to time and the application should be developed.

THE INFLUENCE OF ALFRED DE MUSSET'S

Afina BARMANBAY — 2024-08-29

The French literature that managed to influence the world in the 19th century was a source of inspiration especially for Turkish poets and writers of the Romanticism movement. Numerous translations from the world literature that started at the beginning of the 20th century significantly contributed to the renewal and enrichment of the rapidly developing Azerbaijani literature. In this respect, Alfred de Musset (1810-1857) is one of the poets who influenced the Turkish literary community. Abbas Sehhet, who is one of the leading representatives of Azerbaijani romantic literature, made a free translation of Musset’s poem "La Nuit de Mai" (The May Night). In addition, Sehhet’s original literary work called "Şair, Şiir Perisi ve Şehirli" (Poet, Poetic Muse and Townsman) was the first of its kind in Azerbaijani literature in terms of its form, content and style, but it is not widely known that this literary work was inspired by "The May Night". In our study, Abbas Sehhet’s professionalism in terms of the art of translation and the free translation of Alfred de Musset’s "The May Night" poem are dwelled upon. Sehhet’s literary work called "Şair, Şiir Perisi ve Şehirli" that was written independently of this translation and its contribution to Azerbaijani literature are studied. Alfred de Musset’s "The May Night" poem, Abbas Sehhet's free translation of this poem and his literary work called "Şair, Şiir Perisi ve Şehirli" are evaluated by means of comparison.