JOURNAL OF SOCIAL, HUMANITIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES (JOSHAS), Year 2023 Issue 68

Global Product Category Strategies

Necdet Sezal — 2024-08-29

In international marketing, standardizing the marketing mix in global markets will provide businesses with significant cost advantages; However, the fact that consumer demands and needs, market and competition conditions, marketing institutions, geographical requirements of countries, laws, technology, culture and many other environmental factors differ according to countries create an obstacle for global businesses to develop their standard marketing mix. Marketers are asked to decide whether to standardize the product or replace existing products, which is one of the difficult decisions they have to make, and this decision may affect the organization in terms of research and development expenditure, finance, production, organizational structure, purchasing, product, price, distribution, and promotion. Here, we must consider which decision will be made depending on the attitudes toward different cultures. Levels of standardization or adaptation of each of the following elements are suggested as critical success factors that directly affect business success in the new market: Market entry strategies, brand strategies, standardization strategy, degree of adaptation, export, investment strategy, mixed product strategy, a combination of global and local which is glocalization strategy, new product strategy, and marketing mix.

Innovation Culture Literature Review and a Case Study at a Tech Company in Turkey

Kemal Can Kara — 2024-08-29

It is essential for companies to catch up with the change in a world where the competitors of companies are increasing in every sector, in a globalizing world, and in a world where competitors are now all over the world. Therefore, companies must keep up with this change by changing their products, processes, and organizational structures. What is essential is that this change needs to be embedded in the daily life of companies as a culture. Literature research investigated the importance of innovation culture for companies in this study. In addition, some studies that model the situation of companies for innovation culture have been examined, and their approaches have been researched. Finally, a sample modeling (Cameron & Quinn) was chosen, and the company culture was modeled with a survey of a tech company's employees in Turkey. Then the results are discussed.

Evaluation Of Green Areas With Design Pattern Language Principles

Parisa Doraj Sevgi Yılmaz — 2024-08-29

The pattern language has emerged from the transformation of some meaningful and understandable styles and phenomena into the concept of design in landscape architecture. The term pattern language has had a very comprehensive value and has been evaluated from various aspects. Even though landscape design styles and design languages differ in various periods, cultures and geographies, it has shown a general framework for the concept of design by symbolizing traditional beliefs, socio-cultural values, climatic and topographic conditions that generally contain meaning. In this context, the use of pattern languages in the design of understandable, readable and semantic areas and the evaluation of various planning methods by analyzing the fiction of these phenomena in different periods are foreseen in the reading of all principles. The aim of this study is to classify the pattern language and phenomena used in the analyzed sample park, to find the criteria that make them successful in terms of function and aesthetics, and to classify these criteria into various categories to form a term and conceptual framework in landscape designs. In order to scale and evaluate the possibility of using these criteria in new park designs, it is also aimed to classify the cases in a general framework and to design a sample park.

Examination of Contextual Performance of Real Estate Agents Based on DemographicVariables

Leyla Şenol — 2024-08-29

This research was conducted to determine whether the contextual performances of real estate consultants differ according to demographic variables. Encouraging cooperation among employees with different demographics is important to achieve goals. Demographic variables that affect contextual performance can play an important role in determining business strategies. The question that needs to be answered in order to achieve the purpose of the research is as follows; does the contextual performance of real estate agents differ according to demographic variables such as gender, marital status, education level, income and age? Quantitative method was preferred in the research. In this study, in which the quantitative method was preferred, the data were obtained by the survey method. Real estate consultants in Kocaeli constitute the research population. Volunteer participants were included in the study in accordance with the convenience sampling method. In the research, a contextual performance scale with 6 statements was used. In the first stage, factor analysis was applied, then reliability analysis was conducted. In the second stage, whether the factors differed according to demographic variables was determined by Oneway Anova, Kruskal Walllis, and Independent Sample t-tests. According to the results of the research, there was no statistically significant difference in the contextual performance of the participants according to their gender, marital status and age. A statistically significant difference was found in contextual performance according to education level. Increasing level of education enables the feeling of empathy to develop and effective communication to be performed. Hence, it can be said that this might have a positive effect on contextual performance. Based on the results of the research, it can be said that real estate consultants who want to be successful should increase their education level and improve themselves.

From Ancient Age to The Present: The Role of Women in Society Throughout History

Elvan Albayrak — 2024-08-29

Throughout history, the value attributed to women within the societies they lived in, their inclusion in social and public structures by preventing gender discrimination, and the perception and worth of women within civilizations that existed in the ancient world have undergone some changes over time, yet patriarchal dominance has remained prevalent in every era. Some societies have defined women, who were often marginalized, solely in terms of their status as good wives and their roles as mothers, while also holding women responsible for misfortunes. In certain periods of history, however, women have been considered valuable and sacred in very few civilizations. Throughout history, there have been states that were successfully governed by women leaders. Civilizations that value and prioritize women have made rapid progress in their societal development processes, evolving into powerful civilizations during their respective eras. The struggle for women to achieve equality and freedom began to unfold only in the 19th and 20th centuries. In this study, the social lives, value, and importance attributed to women living within societies that have established different cultures, civilizations, and states were investigated through a method of source scanning. Through this method, access was gained to journals and books available in libraries and electronic sources, and those relevant to the study were selected and utilized.

Fatwas of the Companions in Al-Muwatta

Alaaddin Kiraz — 2024-08-29

Muwatta is both a fiqh and a hadith book. Imam Malik collected ijtihads from Hulefa-i Raşidîn, companions, notables of tabiin, and seven faqihs in order to emphasize that they were constantly practiced with them and that they were mutawatir, actual sunnah from the time of the Messenger of Allah to his own time. It was necessary to write this article in order to state that the place of the fatwas of the Companions in the Muvatta, the essence of the religion from an immaculate source since they witnessed the descent of the revelation to the Prophet. The following issue is also discussed in the article: Are the fatwas of the Companions a religious evidence? Are there those who absolutely do not accept it and those who disagree about accepting it? Examples of the fatwas of the Companions in Imam Malik's Muwatta and the extent of Malik's application of them are presented and compared with the views of other madhhab imams. In addition, some examples of the words and fatwas of the Companions in Muwatta are given and the situation of Malik's action with them is explained.

Problems Encountered in School Management and Suggestions for Solutions from School Administrators

Ümran ÜysalMustafa Kaya ,Bünyamin Emeksiz ,Hasan Kaya — 2024-08-29

Education is the process of creating deliberate behavioral change in the behavior of individuals and has a very important function in the development of societies. In schools, which are institutions where education is carried out in a planned manner, the healthy progress of education and training activities and the achievement of the goals of education largely depend on school management. School administrators face many problems while managing their institutions in order to achieve the goals of education and training activities. The aim of our research is to determine the problems faced by school administrators in school management and to ask school administrators to suggest solutions to these problems. Semi-structured interview forms were applied to 34 administrators determined by maximum diversity sampling method among the school administrators working in Samsun province and the results were analyzed by descriptive method. In our research, the problems faced by school administrators are generally similar to the previous studies. Unlike other researches, the results of our study show that school administrators see the short term of office as a problem. School administrators suggested solutions to each problem they identified, and it is noteworthy that almost all administrators agreed on solutions for funding and personnel needs.

Problems Faced by Newly Appointed School Administrators and Suggestions for Solutions

Onur AydinBahar Dursun ,Fatma Damla Aydin ,Bayram Kahraman — 2024-08-29

In our study, 39 of the administrators who started to work as administrators in the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 academic years in Samsun province were selected by purposeful sampling method in order to identify the problems faced by newly appointed school administrators and to propose solutions to these problems. A semi-structured interview form was applied to the administrators participating in the study and the results were analyzed by descriptive analysis method. According to the results of the study, the most common problems experienced by administrators were inexperience. In addition, unnecessary paperwork burden, problems with other administrators, prejudiced attitudes of superiors, subordinates' lack of acceptance of administrators, communication problems with students, parents and teachers, and insufficient salaries were also identified as problems frequently experienced by new administrators. The administrators stated that in order to cope with these problems, they selected an experienced and reliable person from among the administrators as a mentor, kept communication channels open and were patient, approached the problems with a calm and constructive attitude, followed the legislation regularly and in some cases resorted to legal remedies as a last resort. After the interviews with the administrators participating in the research, it was concluded that the administrators should be provided with experience-based trainings, an experienced administrator should be appointed as a mentor to the new administrator, administration should be seen as a professional profession separate from teaching, administrators should receive trainings on communication issues, frequent meetings should be held with the stakeholders of the school and the funds sent to the school should be increased.

The Effect of Concept Cartoons Supported 5E Model Application on Secondary School Students' Mathematics Achievement and Permanence of Learned

Ahmet Yılmaz Neslihan Usta — 2024-08-29

This research investigates the effect of using the 5E teaching model supported by concept cartoons in mathematics teaching on students' mathematics achievement and permanence of what has been learned. In this study, pretest - posttest - permanence test quasi-experimental design with control group was used. The Mathematics Achievement Test consisting of 25 questions was used as a data collection tool in the research. This test was applied to the experimental and control groups as pre-test, post-test and retention test. The research was conducted with 6th grade students of a secondary school in a province of the Western Black Sea Region in Turkey. There are 23 students in each of the experimental and control groups. Concept cartoons prepared according to the 5E model were applied to the experimental group within the scope of the achievements of the 6th grade area measurement field of the secondary school mathematics curriculum. In the control group, the application was carried out as specified in the curriculum, and no application was made in which concept cartoons were used. Parametric statistical methods were used in the analysis of the data, and the analysis was performed with the related and unrelated samples t-test. As a result of the research, it was seen that the application of the 5E teaching model supported by concept cartoons was effective in increasing the students' mathematics achievement and the permanence of what was learned. It can be suggested to use the 5E model supported by concept cartoons in mathematics teaching.

Occupational Disease Profile of Turkey: Analysis by Economic Activities and Cities

Kaan Koçali — 2024-08-29

Occupational disease is defined in the Social Insurance and General Health Insurance Law No. 5510 as a temporary or permanent illness, physical or mental disability that the insured is exposed to due to a recurring reason due to the nature of his work or due to the operating conditions of the work. The material and moral losses that occur as a result of occupational diseases that are completely preventable have reached significant dimensions, especially in developing societies. In this study, the 10-year occupational diseases profile of Turkey between the years 2011-2021 was examined on the basis of economic activity and city. By determining the economic activities and cities with the most and least occupational diseases, the areas to focus on for the prevention of occupational diseases were determined. By drawing attention to these economic activities, it is aimed to create the necessary policies in terms of occupational health and safety by taking province-specific health measures so that workers do not have occupational diseases. As the basis of this study for further academic studies; it is important to systematically collect data on occupational diseases, to analyze and interpret them, to convey them to the relevant units, and to update occupational diseases prevention policies.

Reflection of the Concept of “Memory Waste” on Glass Artwork

Serap Bedel Özek Nezihe Lerzan Özer — 2024-08-29

The concept of "waste" has a multidimensional field. This concept does not only consist of physical waste, but also includes mental and emotional waste. This kind of waste refers to memories, emotions and feelings that accumulate and take place in memory over time and cannot be discarded, transformed or destroyed. The reminders of these wastes can be family heirlooms from the past or special objects that have grown with the person since childhood. These wastes turn into waste when the deep traces left by the person are realised years later, and this is called "memory waste".

Within the scope of the study, wastes are handled physically and conceptually. Waste objects that have completed their function or family heritage objects from the past have been combined with the original structure of glass by constructing them under the concept of "memory wastes". In the shaping of the glass artefacts, a technique reflecting the traces of the waste in the memory was chosen and the glass models were shaped with the "Core Casting" technique in which negative spaces were created in the glass. Thanks to the transparent feature of glass, these fictions, on the one hand, appear in the glass in which they are positioned, on the other hand, they exhibit a mysterious stance that sets boundaries around them.

The main theme of the study is how waste objects and memory are used in glass art and how this use affects both the form and meaning of the works. In this direction, it is aimed to contribute to the expressive possibilities of artwork production in the field of glass and to create an original source. The glass works realised within the scope of the study are a reflection of the different aspects of the concept of waste integrated with the structure of glass. Waste objects that carry the traces of the past and the states of these traces that are revived in memory are transferred to glass artefacts.

An Investigation on The Conservation of Traditional Buildings in Elazığ/Hüseynik Neighborhood: The Case of House No 23

Tuba Nur Olğun — 2024-08-29

The conservation of traditional structures is a subject that has been secured by many legal studies in the process from the past to the present. Researches and practices on this subject have enabled the conservation discipline to include both monuments and more modest structures and the textures formed from them. In this context, all kinds of buildings and building groups with properties worth conserving are considered as architectural heritage and multi-faceted studies are carried out to transfer them to the future. The aim of the study is to contribute to the conservation of the Hüseynik traditional texture, which has an important place in the traditional building stock of Elazığ. In this context, the general features of the traditional Hüseynik District, which is known as Ulukent District today, were examined and the traditional building No. 25, which is one of the most intense functions here, was discussed in detail in the context of conservation. The method of the study consists of examination of printed and digital sources, documentation in the light of studies in the field and intervention decisions and repair proposals. As a result of the study, it is aimed to draw attention to the rapid extinction process of Hüseynik Neighborhood, which constitutes an important part of the architectural heritage of Elazığ, especially the structure examined as an example, and to emphasize the importance of transferring it to the future.

An Experimental Perspective on the Firing of Sinter Red-Slip Ceramics in Wood-Fired Kilns

Füsun Çövenoğlu — 2024-08-29

Ceramics is one of the first materials used by humans to process natural raw materials into a new product useful to them. Ceramic art has been an integral part of mankind history for thousands of years. The diversity in the production of ceramic objects is also a testament to the creativity and skill of ancient societies. The subject of this study is an experimental look at the firing in wood-fired kilns of Early and Late Roman self glazing red-slip ceramics, a type of tableware with widespread use and a wide range of buyers. Among the most well-known ceramic products of Eastern and Western Rome tableware is also one of the most important products of the ceramic industry of this period. The reason why these ceramics have spread to wide geographies and are highly preferred products is their suitability for daily use as well as the silky, matte or bright red colors that cover their surfaces. The most important factor in the standard and desired homogeneous red color of the slip used in ceramic vessels is the firing environment. These products, which are characterized as sinter red-slip ceramics, should not be affected by unburned hydrocarbons such as smoke and ash from kiln fuels during firing. When we look at the thousands of years of pottery tradition, the firing of red slipped ceramics in a box in kilns (Sagar) using organic fuels such as wood and coal stands out as an example of extraordinary craftsmanship and innovation. This article aims to shed light on the technique of firing red slipped pots in the box known as Sagar. Examples of red slipped pots from the Early and Late Roman Period and experimental firing practices, supported by the literature, constitute the key argument of this article.

Gökçeyaka (Yeşilova-Burdur) Flat Weaves

Ayşe Yıldırım — 2024-08-29

In this study, which is a part of the research to determine the plain weaves of the region we drive in and around Burdur, the samples of Gökçeyaka village in Burdur Yeşilova district were examined. For this purpose, families who were weaving in the region and still keep these products were visited. A total of 18 were identified, including 5 prayer rugs, 3 sofa covers, 2 floor mats (called haba/aba in the region), 2 cradle covers (haba), 2 flat rugs, 2 runners, 1 wall rug and 1 saddlebag. plain weaving sample was examined. It has been observed that the weavings are evaluated in general, and that the region creates a center where characteristic plain weavings are made with its unique composition and design features. It has been observed that the products that are a part of the nomadic life are woven for daily life needs, but weaving is not done today. For this reason, it has been observed that the original weavings in the region are only known and not widespread in the nearby settlements.

Housing Affordability : An Evaluation on Income, Interest Rates and House Prices in Turkey

Ahmet Suvar Aslan — 2024-08-29

Housing affordability is an issue that is gaining importance day by day, both in Turkey and globally. As stated in the United Nations' Habitat II report, having economic access to housing with qualities - such as adequate space, security, structural integrity and durability, lighting, heating and ventilation, water supply, and sanitation - is vital for individuals to healthily reproduce themselves. However, there are various factors that hinder households from economically accessing quality housing. The problem of not being able to access housing economically can bring along health issues on different scales and can lead to irreversible points of existing inequalities. According to data from the Turkish Statistical Institute, the rate of homeownership in our country is declining. While the homeownership rate in Turkey was 73.1% in 2002, it has decreased to 56.7% by 2022. In contrast, from 2007, the first year the address-based registration system was implemented, to 2022, Turkey's population has increased by approximately 15 million. The most commonly used method in housing affordability is the ratio of household income to housing needs. Although there are different opinions regarding this ratio, the generally accepted rate is 30% of the income. Furthermore, some researchers include expenses such as credit or rent payments, household bills, and transportation costs to work in this 30% bracket, while others do not. In conclusion, it is expected that household income should be higher than housing expenses. According to data from the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, in December 2010, the average price of a 100m2 house was 101,500 TL, and by December 2022, this amount has risen to 1,775,400 TL. The striking increase in housing prices clearly has a significant impact on housing affordability. Housing affordability is not just an issue for households but also for society and affects community life.

Lyrics Restoration of the Three Kârs in the Turkish Music Repertoire

Yasin Bol — 2024-08-29

It is known that the earliest kârs in the Turkish music repertoire have Persian lyrics that the examples of kârs in Turkish music were selected from Persian poems as a reflection of the Persian musical tradition that the form inherited, and accordingly, until the mid-19th century, Ottoman/Turkish music composers composed kârs by imitating some of the stylistic features of kârs attributed to Abdülkâdir Merâgî, who is thought to have composed the first examples of the kâr form, especially the language of the lyrics. Although the number of kârs composed with Persian poems, which are a continuation of this tradition, is quite high, most of the poets of the lyrics of these kârs are poets of Persian literature. It is seen that the change and destruction of lyrics is more frequent in these kârs with Persian lyrics compared to the kârs with Turkish lyrics. When the lyric manuscripts on the subject were scanned, it was found that the lyrics of these kârs, which were recorded verbatim in these manuscripts with their part names, lyrics and terennums, were unknown and that these lyrics were written in manuscripts without knowing the original poems and poets. With the decline in interest in and command of the Persian language following the introduction of active notation, it has been observed that the transcribers of these works sometimes left the lyrics out of the equation and created Persian-like wrecks of lyrics consisting of meaningless syllable groups that were attached to the melody. In this study, the poets of the lyrics of three kârs with Persian lyrics whose lyrics were destroyed and whose poets are unknown in the repertory records were identified by using the source search method, the original poems were compared with the lyrics in the existing scores, and the related works were restored and notated again.

Security As An Instrument of Urban Segregation And The New Perception of Security

Esra Kaya Erdoğan — 2024-08-29

Globalisation and the new liberal economy represent a radical break with the welfare state era. With this break, security mechanisms, actors and perceptions in urban space have changed. In the new process, individual demand for security has increased. Institutions and individuals began to purchase and use private security services on a large scale. In addition, the security of the city has begun to be provided with new techniques and mechanisms. In the global-neoliberal period, inequalities and precariousness between social segments have also increased. As social insecurity has increased, the search for security in the public sphere has changed in parallel with the new security paradigm. This article analyses the relationship between the changing security paradigm and social inequalities and stratification. The security-based division of urban segregation can be traced within the city. Differences in security perceptions and expectations have an impact on relations between urban dwellers. In parallel with urban inequalities, this effect leads to the reshaping and redefinition of public space and urban geography. While the more affluent segments of the city prefer to live in areas that are isolated from the city and tend to close in, the city and society are experiencing a kind of social fragmentation. Security-oriented approaches and expectations have also led to the creation of new images and values for some parts of the city and the people who live in them. While the anti-city discourse is widespread, especially the discourse that the city centre is dangerous is becoming more and more common in everyday life, the urban ideal is dissolving. This study discusses how the search for security in the era of globalisation has emerged in the context of urban inequalities and its impact on urban space.

Development of A Social Skills Check List-45 and Initial Validity, Reliability Studies

Arkun Tatar — 2024-08-29

In this study, it was planned to develop a two sub-dimensional check list for the adult group, focusing on cognitive functions and affective processes, in order to evaluate social skills. The study was carried out in three stages, the creation of the item pool, and two separate data collection studies, one with one application and the other with two applications. In the study, first, an item pool was created with the relevant literature. A total of 778 people, 398 men and 380 women aged between 18-65 years, participated in the first study. A total of 60 people, 24 men and 26 women, between the ages of 18-57, who were the same people, participated in both applications of the second study. After the first study, 45 items were selected using item response theory and item analysis. The first study data was divided into two parts and explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis was applied to each of them. It was observed that the two sub-dimensions of the scale (A Social Skills Sign List-45) composed of selected items, named "Affective Components" and "Cognitive Components", explained 34,808% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis results revealed that the two-dimensional structure showed poor model fit. In the first study data, the internal consistency reliability coefficient was found 0.935 for the whole scale, 0.910 for the Affective Components sub-dimension and 0.881 for the Cognitive Components sub-dimension. In the second study data, the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.825 for the whole scale, r = 0.782 for the Affective Components sub-dimension, and r = 0.833 for the Cognitive Components sub-dimension. The results showed that the initial validity and reliability values of the A Social Skills Sign List-45 were at an acceptable level.

The Effect on Psychological Symptom Levels, Psychological Well-Being and Cognitive Flexibility Experienced in the Group Structured with Art Therapy Techniques in Adults

Kaantan Adar Bahar Akoğlu — 2024-08-29

When looking from the past to the present, art takes the task as a great tool for people to express themselves. With art, it helps people to understand their inner world and express their feelings. This study is experimental research in which art therapy techniques are applied to adults. The study aims to examine the effectiveness of art therapy on mental symptoms, psychological well-being, and cognitive flexibility. The population of the research consists of adult individuals living in Istanbul in 2022-2023. The research sample consists of 30 people living in the province of Istanbul and accepting psychological intervention, 15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. In the study, a quasi-experimental design with a single-group pretest-posttest control group was used. Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Psychological Well-Being Scale, and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory were given to the control and experimental groups before and after the application. The experimental group in the research was given 10 sessions once a week for 90 minutes. The control group was given psychoeducation. As a result of the findings obtained from the research, it was concluded that art therapy techniques showed a significant increase in psychological well-being and cognitive flexibility levels and a significant decrease in the level of psychological symptoms.