Author :
Abstract
Change is a critical factor in the success of organizations, dut to the rapid development in technology and the work environment. This paper aims to compare the methods that are used in managing change among Libya and Turkey. This involves examining employees' perceptions of resistance to change. A stratified purposive sample consists of 248 managers was selected from the University of Tobruk in Libya (140) and the University of Kastamonu in Turkey (108). The data was collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21 was employed to assess the reliability and validity of the study instrument. Besides, Pearson correlation analysis, and Regression Analysis, were carried out to analyze the collected data. The findings reveal that the most important cause of employees' resistance change in Libya is the lack of planning for change, and in Turkey is poor communication between management and employees. Concerning the administrative methods to overcome the resistance to change, the findings of both countries showed that the readiness to change is an essential method. Moreover, the study confirms that there are statistical differences in the causes of changes and the administrative methods regarding Libya and Turkey.
Keywords
Abstract
Change is a critical factor in the success of organizations, dut to the rapid development in technology and the work environment. This paper aims to compare the methods that are used in managing change among Libya and Turkey. This involves examining employees' perceptions of resistance to change. A stratified purposive sample consists of 248 managers was selected from the University of Tobruk in Libya (140) and the University of Kastamonu in Turkey (108). The data was collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21 was employed to assess the reliability and validity of the study instrument. Besides, Pearson correlation analysis, and Regression Analysis, were carried out to analyze the collected data. The findings reveal that the most important cause of employees' resistance change in Libya is the lack of planning for change, and in Turkey is poor communication between management and employees. Concerning the administrative methods to overcome the resistance to change, the findings of both countries showed that the readiness to change is an essential method. Moreover, the study confirms that there are statistical differences in the causes of changes and the administrative methods regarding Libya and Turkey.
Keywords
- 1. Al Kindy, Adil Mohamed., Shah, Ishak Mad., and Jusoh, Ahmad (2016). Consideration and Methodological Approaches in Studying Transformational Leadership Impact on Work Performance Behaviors. International Journal of Advanced Research 4(1), 889- 907.
- 2. Allen, J., Jimmieson, N. L., Bordia, P., and Irmer, B. E. (2007). Uncertainty during organizational change: Managing perceptions through communication. Journal of change management, 7(2), 187-210.
- 3. Appelbaum, S. H., Cameron, A., Ensink, F., Hazarika, J., Attir, R., Ezzedine, R., & Shekhar, V. (2017). Factors that impact the success of an organizational change: a case study analysis. Industrial and Commercial Training, 49(5), 213-230.
- 4. Armenakis, A. A., Harris, S. G., & Mossholder, K. W. (2006). Creating readiness for organizational change. Org Dev & Trng, 6E (Iae), 298
- 5. Armenakis, A. A., Harris, S. G., and Mossholder, K. W. (2006). Creating readiness for organizational change. Org Dev and Trng, 6E (Iae), 298
- 6. Barlett, J. E., Kotrlik, J. W., and Higgins, C. C. (2001). Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research. Information technology, learning, and performance journal, 19(1), 43.
- 7. Bateh, J., Cataneda, M. E., Farah J. E. (2013). Employees' resistance To Change. International Journal of Management Information Systems, 17 (2), 113-116
- 8. Battilana, J., and Casciaro, T. (2013). Overcoming resistance to organizational change: Strong ties and affective cooptation. Management Science, 59(4), 819-836.
- 9. Beer, M., andNohria, N. (2000). Cracking the code of change. If you read nothing else on change, read thesebest- selling articles, 15.
- 10. Bhatnagar, J., Budhwar, P., Srivastava, P., and Saini, D. S. (2010). Organizational change and development in India: A case of strategic organizational change and transformation. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 23(5), 485-499.
- 11. Bovey, W. H., andHede, A. (2001). Resistance to organizational change: the role of cognitive and affective processes. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 22(8), 372-382.
- 12. Çalık,T; Koşar, S., Kılın Ç; Ali, Ç; Er, E. (2013). The Relationship between Primary School Their Self-Efficacy. Uşak University. Journal Social Scieals, 6(4), 1-16.
- 13. Daft, R. L., Murphy, J., and Willmott, H. (2009). Organization theory and design. Cengage learning EMEA.
- 14. Dent, E. B., and Goldberg, S. G. (1999). Challenging “resistance to change”. The Journal of applied behavioral science, 35(1), 25-41.
- 15. Erwin, D. G., and Garman, A. N. (2010). Resistance to organizational change: linking research and practice. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 31(1), 39-56.
- 16. Esparcia, S., and Argente, E. (2012, July). Forces that drive organizational change in an adaptive virtual organization. In Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS), 2012 Sixth International Conference on (pp. 46-53). IEEE.
- 17. Felix, C., Vhuramayi, C., Martin, C., and Nyasha, M. (2013). Impact of age on employees' resistance to change. A case study Cotton Company (COTTCO) in Zimbabwe. Greener journal of business and management studies, 3(9), 386-392
- 18. Hajjaj, K. (2009). Resistance of workers to organizational change in the Palestinian ministries in the Gaza Strip. Al-Arhar University, Gaza, Palestine.
- 19. Han, J. (2009). Supply Chain Integration, Quality Management and Firm Performance in the Pork Processing Industry in China: Wageningen Academic Publishers
- 20. Haymes, T. (2008). The three-e strategy for overcoming resistance to technological change. Educause Quarterly, 31(4), 67-69.
- 21. Hiatt, J., and Creasey, T. J. (2003). Change management: The people side of change. Prosci.
- 22. Hodges, J., and Gill, R. (2014). Sustaining change in organizations. Sage.
- 23. Holt, D. T., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., and Harris, S. G. (2007). Readiness for organizational change: The systematic development of a scale. The Journal of applied behavioral science, 43(2), 232-255.
- 24. Hon, A. H., Bloom, M., and Crant, J. M. (2014). Overcoming resistance to change and enhancing creative performance. Journal of Management, 40(3), 919-941.
- 25. Kerman, U., & Öztop, S. (2014). Public Employees Perception toward Management of Organizational Change. Journal O Suleyman Demirel University Institute of Social Sciences, 1(19), 89-112.
- 26. Kettinger, W. J., Teng, J. T., and Guha, S. (1997). Business process change: a study of methodologies, techniques, and tools. MIS quarterly, 55-80.
- 27. Kılçoğln, G., &Derya, Y. (2003). Resistance to change and ways of reducing resistance in educational organizations, international association of social research, 1(1), 14-21
- 28. Kirkman, B., Jones, R. G., andShapiro, D. (2000). Why do employees resist teams? Examing the "resistance barrier" to work team effectiveness. International Journal of Conflict Management. 11(1). 74-93.
- 29. Kotter, J. P. (1996). Leading change. Harvard business press.
- 30. Kotter, J. P., and Schlesinger, L. A. (2008). Choosing strategies for change. In Readings in Strategic Management. Harvard business review.
- 31. Kupresakovic, P. (2018). An examination of Employees’ resistance to organizational change (Doctoral dissertation, National College of Ireland) .
- 32. Laframboise, D., Nelson, R. L., and Schmaltz, J. (2002). Managing resistance to change in workplace accommodation projects. Journal of Facilities Management, 1(4), 306-321.
- 33. Marsh, L. C., Cormier, L. M. D. R., & Cormier, D. R. (2001). Spline Regression Models: SAGE Publicatio
- 34. Ortiz, C. A. (2016). The psychology of lean improvements: Why organizations must overcome resistance and change the culture. Productivity Press.
- 35. Pardo del Val, M., and Martínez Fuentes, C. (2003). Resistance to change: a literature review and empirical study. Management decision, 41(2), 148-155.
- 36. Rahi, S. (2017). Research design and methods: A systematic review of research paradigms, sampling issues and instruments development. International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 6(2), 1-5
- 37. Schuler, A. J. (2003). Overcoming resistance to change: Top ten reasons for resistance to change. Retrieved September 24, 2, 2014.
- 38. Stavros, D., Nikolaos, B., George, A., & Apostolos, V. (2016). Organizational change management: delineating employee reaction to change in SMEs located in Magnesia. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 5(1), 309 .
- 39. Wittig, C. (2012). Employees’ reactions to organizational change. Od practitioner, 44(2), 23-28.
