Author :
Abstract
Bu çalışmada ertelemenin sporcu olmayan grupta fiziksel egzersiz yapma, sorumluluk ve sosyo-demografik değişkenlerle ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın özgün yanlarını, ertelemenin çok boyutlu olarak ele alınması, büyük bir katılımcı grubuna uygulama yapılması ve fiziksel egzersiz yapma ile erteleme ilişkisine bakılması oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmaya 18-73 yaşları arasında (ort. = 27,84 ± 11,16 yıl) 662 kadın ( % 59,2) ve 457 erkek ( % 40,8) olmak üzere toplam 1119 kişi katılmıştır. Çalışmada, üç boyutlu yapıyla değerlendirilen A Erteleme Ölçeği-15 ve Büyük Beş-50 Kişilik Testi’nin Sorumluluk faktörü kullanılmıştır. Fiziksel egzersiz yapma durumu, Sorumluluk faktör toplam puanı ve sosyo-demografik özellikler bağımsız değişkenler olarak alınarak, çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılarak erteleme düzeyi grupları yordanmıştır. Ayrıca erteleme ölçeği alt boyut toplam puanları fiziksel egzersiz yapma durum grupları açısından çok değişkenli varyans analiziyle (MANOVA) karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre davranışsal erteleme, fiziksel egzersiz yapma, sorumluluk faktörü, medeni durum ve çalışma durumu; bilişsel erteleme, fiziksel egzersiz yapma, sorumluluk faktörü, yaş ve çalışma durumu; duygusal erteleme, sorumluluk faktörü, medeni durum ve çalışma durumu; erteleme geneli / bütünü ise fiziksel egzersiz yapma, sorumluluk faktörü, yaş, medeni durum ve çalışma durumu tarafından yordanmıştır. Düzenli fiziksel egzersiz yapan grubun diğer gruplardan davranışsal ve bilişsel erteleme düzeyinin düşük, duygusal erteleme düzeyinin ise yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçlar, ertelemenin farklı türlerinin yordanmasında farklı değişkenlerin etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.
Keywords
Abstract
In the present study, the purpose was to examine the relationship of procrastination with physical exercise, conscientiousness, and socio-demographic variables in the non-athlete group. The original sides of the study were the multidimensional approach of procrastination, the application to a large group of participants, and the examination of the relationship between physical exercise and procrastination. A total of 1119 individuals, 662 of whom were female (59.2 %) and 457 were male (40.8 %), aged between 18 and 73 (mean age = 27.84 ± 11.16 years) participated in the study. The conscientiousness factor of the A Procrastination Scale-15 and the Big Five-50 Personality Test, which are evaluated with a 3D structure, were used in the study. The procrastination level groups were predicted by using the Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis, taking physical exercise status, conscientiousness factor total score, and socio-demographic characteristics as the independent variables. Also, the sub-dimension total scores of the procrastination scale were compared with Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) for physical exercise status groups. According to the results, behavioral procrastination, doing physical exercise, conscientiousness factor, marital status, and working status; cognitive procrastination, doing physical exercise, conscientiousness factor, age and working status; emotional procrastination, conscientiousness factor, marital status, and working status were predicted by procrastination overall/whole, on the other hand, was predicted by doing physical exercise, conscientiousness factor, age, marital status, and employment status. It was found that the behavioral and cognitive procrastination level of the group that did regular physical exercise was lower than the other groups, and the level of emotional procrastination was higher. The results showed that different variables were effective in predicting different procrastination types.
Keywords
- 1. Argiropoulou, M. I., & Ferrari, J. R. (2015). Chronic procrastination among emerging adults: Factor structure of the Greek version of the general procrastination scale. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 12(2), 85-104.
- 2. Chowdhury, S. F., & Pychyl, T. A. (2018). A critique of the construct validity of active procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 120, 7-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.016
- 3. Dominguez-Lara, S., Prada-Chapoñan, R., & Moreta-Herrera, R. (2019). Gender differences in the influence of personality on academic procrastination in Peruvian college students. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 22(2), 125147. http://www.doi.org/10.14718/ACP.2019.22.2.7
- 4. Ferrari, J. R. (2001). Procrastination as self-regulation failure of performance: effects of cognitive load, self?awareness, and time limits on ‘working best under pressure’. European Journal of Personality, 15(5), 391406. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.413
- 5. Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 26-42.
- 6. Gupta, R., Hershey, D. A., & Gaur, J. (2012). Time perspective and procrastination in the workplace: An empirical investigation. Current Psychology, 31(2), 195-211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-012-9136-3
- 7. Khan, M. J., Arif, H., Noor, S. S., & Muneer, S. (2014). Academic procrastination among male and female university and college students. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 8(2), 65-70.
- 8. Kim, S., Fernandez, S., & Terrier, L. (2017). Procrastination, personality traits, and academic performance: When active and passive procrastination tell a different story. Personality and Individual Differences, 108, 154-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.021
- 9. Klingsieck, K. B. (2013). Procrastination: when good things don’t come to those who wait. European Psychologist, 18(1), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000138
- 10. Lai, C. S., Badayai, A. R., Chandrasekaran, K., Lee, S. Y., & Kulasingam, R. (2015). An exploratory study on personality traits and procrastination among university students. American Journal of Applied Psychology, 4(3), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.s.2015040301.14
- 11. Lay, C. H. (1997). Explaining lower‐order traits through higher‐order factors: the case of trait procrastination, conscientiousness, and the specificity dilemma. European Journal of Personality, 11(4), 267-278. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0984(199711)11:4<267::AID-PER281>3.0.CO;2-P
- 12. Lee, D. G., Kelly, K. R., & Edwards, J. K. (2006). A closer look at the relationships among trait procrastination, neuroticism, and conscientiousness. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(1), 27-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.05.010
- 13. Ljubin-Golub, T., Petricevic, E., & Rovan, D. (2019). The role of personality in motivational regulation and academic procrastination. Educational Psychology, 39(4), 550-568. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2018.1537479
- 14. Lonergan, J. M., & Maher, K. J. (2000). The relationship between job characteristics and workplace procrastination as moderated by locus of control. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15, 213-224.
- 15. Mandap, C. M. (2016). Examining the differences in procrastination tendencies among university students. International Journal of Education and Research, 4(4), 431-436.
- 16. Mann, L. (2016). Procrastination revisited: a commentary. Australian Psychologist, 51(1), 47-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/ap.12208
- 17. Milgram, N., & Tenne, R. (2000). Personality correlates of decisional task avoidant procrastination. European Journal of Personality, 14, 141-156. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0984(200003/04)14:2<141::AIDPER369>3.0.CO;2-V
- 18. Ocansey, G., Addo, C., Onyeaka, H. K., Andoh-Arthur, J., & Oppong Asante, K. (2020). The influence of personality types on academic procrastination among undergraduate students. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 10(3), 360-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683603.2020.1841051
- 19. Pearlman-Avnion, S., & Zibenberg, A. (2018). Prediction and job-related outcomes of procrastination in the workplace. Journal of Prevention and Intervention in the Community, 46(3), 263-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2018.1470418
- 20. Pychyl, T. A., & Flett, G. L. (2012). Procrastination and self-regulatory failure: an introduction to the special issue. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 30(4), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-012-0149-5
- 21. Sirois, F. M. (2007). ‘‘I’ll look after my health, later’’: A replication and extension of the procrastination health model with community-dwelling adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 15-26.
- 22. Sirois, F. M., & Tosti, N. (2012). Lost in the moment? An investigation of procrastination, mindfulness, and well- being. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 30, 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-012-0151-y
- 23. Stead, R., Shanahan, M. J., & Neufeld, R. W. (2010). “I’ll go to therapy, eventually”: Procrastination, stress and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(3), 175-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.028
- 24. Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self- regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65-94. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65
- 25. Steel, P., & Ferrari, J. (2013). Sex, education and procrastination: An epidemiological study of procrastinators’ characteristics from a global sample. European Journal of Personality, 27(1), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1851
- 26. Steel, P., & Klingsieck, K. B. (2016). Academic procrastination: Psychological antecedents revisited. Australian Psychologist, 51(1), 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/ap.12173
- 27. Tamiru, T. (2008). Academic procrastination and causal perception of tabor. African Research Review, 2(2), 34- 55. https://doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v2i2.41040
- 28. Tatar, A. (2017). Büyük Beş-50 Kişilik Testinin Türkçeye Çevirisi ve Beş Faktör Kişilik Envanteri kısa formu ile karşılaştırılması. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 18(1), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.220580
- 29. Tatar, A., & Özdemir, H. (2019). Madde yanit kuramiyla A Erteleme Ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Social, Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal, 5(20), 1011-1022. https://doi.org/10.31576/smryj.301
- 30. Tatar, A., Saltukoğlu, G., & Özdemir, H. (2019). Gözden geçirilmiş A Erteleme Ölçeği-15 formunun geliştirilmesi ve faktör yapısının incelenmesi. Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi, 3(6), 195-204. https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.610231
- 31. van Eerde, W. (2003). A meta-analytically derived nomological network of procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 1401-1418. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00358-6
- 32. Wang, Y., Gao, H., Liu, J., & Fan, X. L. (2021). Academic procrastination in college students: The role of self- leadership. Personality and Individual Differences, 178, 110866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110866
- 33. Zhou, M. (2020). Gender differences in procrastination: The role of personality traits. Current Psychology, 39(4), 1445-1453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9851-5
