Author :
Abstract
İnsanlık tarihinin önemli devrelerinden tarım toplumundan sanayi toplumuna geçişte bir dönüm noktası olarak kabul edilebilecek sanayi devrimlerine sahne olan İngiltere’de, bu devrimlerin etkileri hem toplumsal hem de çalışma yaşamı için kaçınılmaz görülmektedir. Dağınık ve küçük ölçekli üretimden büyük şehirlerde fabrikalarda geniş ölçekli üretime geçişe yol açan sanayi devrimleri İngiliz kültürünü, iş örgütlerini ve çalışma bağlamını nasıl etkiledi? Buna göre, dört sanayi devriminin her biri arka planlarında, Hofstede’nin ortaya koyduğu altı kültür boyutu açısından İngiliz ulusal kültürünü, örgüt kültürünü, çalışma bağlamını ve insan kaynakları yönetimini incelemeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada, bu etkiler çeşitli yönleriyle gösterilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, İngiliz toplumunun geleneklere önem veren yönünün, sanayi devrimlerinin neden olduğu değişikliklere karşı bir dirence yol açması da söz konusudur. Bu direnç, birtakım çelişkileri de beraberinde getirmektedir. Ayrıca, İngiliz toplumunun giderek daha fazla çeşitlilik gösteren yapısının da iş örgütlerini ve çalışma bağlamını daha heterojen hale getirebileceği düşünülebilir. Bu durumlar göz önüne alınarak, bu çalışmada çeşitli sonuçlara ulaşılmaktadır. Bu durumlar göz önüne alınarak, ülkenin genel görünümü ve kısa tarihi ile başlayan bu derlemede; sanayi devrimleri, bu devrimlerin ilgili oldukları dönemlerdeki etkileri (Çalışma bağlamı, sendikalar, teknoloji ve üretim, kalite, çocuk işçiler, toplum, girişimcilik), günümüz modern İngiliz çalışma bağlamı, yönetim ve liderlik, insan kaynakları yönetimi konuları, İngiliz ulusal kültürü, örgüt kültürü ve iş kültürü ile ilişkilendirilmekte ve birtakım sonuçlara ulaşılmaktadır.
Keywords
Abstract
In England that witnessed transition from agricultural society to industrial society which is one of the most important turning points of human history, it is inevitable to see the effects of these revolutions on British social and industrial life. How did the industrial revolutions which led to a shift from dispersed and small-scale productions to factory-based large-scale productions in big cities, impacted the British culture, work organizations and work context? Accordingly, in this study aims to examine the national British culture, organizational culture, work context and human resource management in terms of each four industrial revolutions, and their effects are tried to be explored in various perspectives. However, it is also the case that the tradition-oriented aspect of British society led to a resistance to the changes caused by these industrial revolutions. This resistance brings some contradictions with it. Moreover, it is conceivable that increasingly diversified natüre of British society may make work organizations and the work context more heterogenous. Considering all those situations, various conclusions are reached in this study. Starting general view and brief history of the country, in this review; industrial revolutions and effects of these revolutions in the relevant eras (Work context, unions, technology and production, quality, child workers, society, entrepreneurship), today’s modern British work context, management and leadership, human resources management issues are associated with national British culture, organizational culture, and business culture and some conclusions are drawn.
Keywords
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